家有一宝C
意思是该参考文献来自国外。参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。按照字面的意思,参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献。然而,按照GB/T 7714-2015《信息与文献 参考文献著录规则》”的定义,文后参考文献是指:“为撰写或编辑论文和著作而引用的有关文献信息资源。参考文献的正确运用对学术论文的整体质量而言是至关重要的,但是,参考文献引用不当的问题还是层出不穷,严重影响了论文本身的质量,降低了基于此的各类评价指标的客观性和可信度。
安德鲁鱼
写三个词吧STRONG 给力UNCOMPRIMISING 与众不同RADICALLY BEAUTIFUL 美到极致广告语:The latest collection of (店的名字), combining features from world-class runways, you will NOT be disappointed! (大意:与顶尖时尚秀场媲美,不会令你失望)
刘彦热茶
sold these dirty candies to students? old people go to bed early,but they are still awake very is a eleven year old girl in our is a photograph of the whole family of mine on the cover of the need some clothes for hot hobby is different from want to buy a pair of sport shoes next want to do something do you want to deal with these books? schoolbag is full of take your key with you.
伊月寒水20
sold these dirty candy to students? elderly people go to bed very early every day, but not sleep is a 11-year-old girl in our family in the photo on the cover of the need a few pieces of clothing for hot am different from habits with Sunday shopping, I would like to buy a new pair of sports shoes . want to do different things .9. How do you intend to deal with these books? bags filled with carry your keys everywhere.
烈香杜鹃7366
these dirty candy sold students? elderly people go to bed very early every day, but not sleep classes have a 11-year-old whole family in it as on the cover of the need a few pieces of clothing for hot love you with the Sunday shopping, I would like to buy a new pair of sports want to do different things do you intend to deal with these books? bags filled with a carry your keys绝对没错
大家族djz
我们在进行英文学术论文写作的时候,使用类似于“sound good.”的短语和术语可能感觉会不错。然而,最终这些短语并不是必要的,甚至会产生更糟糕的效果(模糊论文的内容,让读者难以理解作者想要表达的意思)。
《On Writing Well》一书的作者威廉·津瑟(William Zinsser)将“clutter”定义为任何没有必要传达的意思。威廉·津瑟认为:好的英语写作的首要规则之一是不惜一切代价避免clutter。通过减少clutter,才能确保作者的信息传达给读者(无论是同行、导师,还是期刊编辑)。
有时候,你的论文被审稿人、编辑批英语不过关,看不懂,很可能就是你使用了clutter用语的原因。clutter通常是没有进行专业科研写作训练的老师学生们容易犯的错误,这正是投必得专业论文编辑所擅长解决的。
接下来,笔者将clutter的短语分为三类:冗长的短语、不精确用语,以及陈旧用语,通过10个例句告诉你为什么应该避免使用这些短语。
一、冗长的短语
学术论文写作切忌使用冗长的短语,使用复杂且长的句子并不能代表英语水平高,反而会使得语句晦涩、累赘。如果你没有发现自己正在使用冗长的短语,或者不知道自己犯了冗长的错误,那么笔者接下来就分享几个冗长短语示例,您可以对照一下,赶紧修改你的论文,只保留必要的单词和短语。
1. Due to the fact of/that…
Due to the fact of/that…就是一个典型的冗长短语,“Because”通常可以用来代替这个冗长的短语。
修改前: Due to the fact that more people are hiking in the Adirondacks, there have been more bear encounters.
修改后: Because more people are hiking in the Adirondacks, there have been more bear encounters.
2. It should be noted that…
It should be noted that…可以删掉,直接进入主题,丝毫不会影响句子的内容。
修改前: It should be noted that there were only 15 subjects in the study.
修改后: The study consisted of 15 subjects.
3. In consequence of this fact…
In consequence of this fact…可以直接替换成because of,并给出this fact具体指的是什么,方便读者阅读理解!
修改前: In consequence of this fact, we really do not know how much of an impact daily exercise has on a person's BMI.
修改后: Because of unreliable reporting and other factors, we really do not know how much of an impact daily exercise has on a person's BMI.
4. It's worth mentioning/it’s worth considering…
你是不是经常使用“It's worth mentioning/it's worth considering…”,这个句式非常文学化,并不适合我们严谨的学术论文。
修改前: It's worth considering whether the recent storm patterns are connected to glacier melt.
修改后: Recent storm patterns may be connected to glacier melt.
5. Further research is needed…
is needed to ...是不是你经常用到句型?删掉它,将被动句子改成主动句,效果更好。
修改前: Further research is needed to determine how extensive the damage to the intestinal wall is.
修改后: Future studies will gauge the extent to which intestinal walls are damaged.
6. In this essay/paper/study, we will…
你是不是经常会在论文introduction部分使用“In this essay/paper/study, we will… ”?
一般来说,没有明文规定论文一定要介绍你要做什么,有时这种叙述对引导读者是有帮助的。
删掉“In this essay/paper/study, we will… ”的内容,你会发现,这对于你的论文没有任何影响。
怎么样,修改掉论文中冗长的短语,是不是感觉句子变得清晰易读了?接下来,笔者再来说说SCI写作中经常会遇到的一些不精确的用语。
二、不精确用语
不精确用语可能是口语用语,多余的,不太正确的,它们在学术论文中是没有意义的。接下来给出2个不精确用语的示例。
7. End result
“End result”短语是多余的。 在大多数情况下,你可以简单地使用“result”或“results”,也可以用"... caused by..."。
修改前: The end result of more run-off is higher levels of bacteria in the water.
修改后: Higher levels of bacteria are caused by increased run-off.
8. On average
On average是一个不精确的术语,我们应该避免使用它。
修改前: Our results demonstrated that, on average, birds returned to the nest X number of times.
修改后: According to our results, birds returned to the nest an average number of X times.
三、陈旧的术语
陈旧的术语是一些曾经新鲜、新颖的短语,但由于使用了太多次,它们已经失去了影响力。 这种术语一般是研究领域的一些专业术语,也可以是一些过时的用语。
light
Sheds light的意思是使某事容易理解、阐明、揭示,通常用在杂志的封面信或摘要中。Sheds light是不常用、过时的短语,我们应该尽量避免使用它。Sheds light可以替换成suggest、determine。
修改前: This research sheds light on why monkeys engage in these behaviors.
修改后: This research suggests some reasons why monkeys engage in these behaviors.
修改后: This research determined why monkeys engage in these behaviors.
10. Paradigm shift
一些专业术语不常用,如果可能的话,最好更精确地描述发生了什么变化。
修改前: Donaldson's experiments resulted in a paradigm shift in current thought.
修改后: Donaldson's experiments have had some influence on current thinking.
写在最后
虽然在英文学术论文写作中还有很多避免使用的短语,但上面列出的10个短语是最常见的。 删掉那些不必要的和不精确的短语,不要觉得可惜,你会发现你的论文变得更加简洁、清晰、易懂!
1976年,当时才11岁的伊娃·爱洛尼斯科裸体登上意大利版《花花公子》的封面,她也是最年轻的《花花公子》模特。伊娃涉足电影圈也很早,1976年她就在波兰斯基的影
以下供你参考:封面尽量能让人知道你这个里面具体有些什么封底就无所谓了~
风靡中国的疯狂英语其实有两个,一个是《疯狂英语》杂志,(现在已经停刊了,80后、90后应该比00后更为熟悉),另一个就是李阳创立的疯狂英语学习法。这里,我姑且把
1、年年岁岁花相似,岁岁年年人不同。有梦想的人,才知人间的繁华与荒芜。 2、原来岁月太长,可以丰富,可以荒凉。能忘掉结果,未能忘掉遇上。 3、你是专属于我的独家
你可以通过在线电子期刊网站制作,找模板制作会比较简单,具体操作方式如下: 2.进入云瑶网编辑器,修改里面的文字图片等内容 3.还可添加音乐、表单、地图、倒计时、