空调英文论文文献

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Introduction The financial manager plays a dynamic role in a modern company’s development．This has not always been the case．Until around the first half of the 1900s financial managers primarily raised funds and managed their firms’cash positions-and that was pretty much it．In the 1950s,the increasing acceptance of present value concepts encouraged financial managers to expand their responsibilities and to become concerned with the selection of capital investment projects． Today external factors have an increasing impact on the financial corporate competition，technological change，volatility in inflation and interest rates，world-wide economic uncertainty，fluctuating exchange rates，tax law changes，and ethical concerns over certain financial dealings must be dealt with almost daily．As a result，finance is required to play an ever more vital strategic role within the corporation．The financial manager has emerged as a team player in the overall effort Of a company to create value．The“old ways of doing things”simply are not good enough in a world where old ways quickly become obsolete．Thus today's financial manager must have the flexibility to adapt to the changing external environment if his or her firm is to survive. The successful financial manager of tomorrow will need to supplement the traditional metrics of performance with new methods that encourage a greater role for uncertainty and multiple assumptions．These new methods will seek to value the flexibility inherent in initiatives—that is，the way in which taking one step offers you the option to stop or continue down one or more paths．In short，a correct decision may involve doing something today that in itself has small value，but gives you the option to do something of greater value in the future． If you become a financial manager，your ability to adapt to change，raise funds，invest in assets，and manage wisely will affect the success of your firm and，ultimately，the overall economy as well．To the extent that funds are misallocated，the growth of the economy will be slowed．When economic wants are unfulfilled，this misallocation of funds may work to the detriment of society．In an economy，efficient allocation of resources is vital to optimal growth in that economy；it is also vital to ensuring that individuals obtain satisfaction of their highest levels of personal wants．Thus，through efficiently acquiring，financing，and managing assets， the financial manager contributes to the firm and to the vitality and growth of the economy as a whole．简介 财务经理扮演一个积极的角色,在一个现代公司的并不总是周围 上半年,1900年财政管理,主要是筹集资金和管理,他们firms'cash阵地--这是相当 50年代起,越来越多的人接受目前的价值观念,鼓励财务经理,扩充自己的责任,很关心 e选择资本投资项目. 今天受外部因素的影响越来越大,财政企业竞争,技术变革,波动,通货膨胀率和利率上升,全球性的经济 不确定性,汇率波动时,税法的变化,和道德方面的某些金融交易必须处理几乎结果,是财政部 要发挥越来越重要的战略作用在转炉财务经理已经成为队球员 在整体的努力,公司创造"老办法办事"根本不是太好了 世界旧的方式迅速成为今天的财务经理必须要有一定的灵活性,以适应不断变化的外部 环境,只要他或她确实是为了生存. 成功的财务经理,明天将需要补充传统的度量的表现,与新方法,鼓励 更大的作用,对不确定性和多发性新方法将寻求价值的灵活性举措,即2001年的 在这一步,您可以选择停止或继续下跌的一个或多个总之, 正确的决定可能牵涉做一些事情,今天,在本身有小价值,而是让您选择做点事 更大的价值在未来. 如果你成为一个财务经理,你适应变

20分帮你手动翻译那么多东西。。。。。。这个是不可能的，没事做也不要这样自寻烦恼啊

Air conditioning engineers broadly divide air conditioning applications into comfort and process. Comfort applications aim to provide a building indoor environment that remains relatively constant in a range preferred by humans despite changes in external weather conditions or in internal heat loads. Air conditioning makes deep plan buildings feasible, for otherwise they'd have to be be built narrower or with light wells so that inner spaces receive sufficient outdoor air via natural ventilation. Air conditioning also allows buildings to be taller since wind speed increases significantly with altitude making natural ventilation impractical for very tall buildings. Comfort applications for various building types are quite different and may be categorized as Low-Rise Residential buildings, including single family houses, duplexes, and small apartment buildings High-Rise Residential buildings, such as tall dormitories and apartment blocks Commercial buildings, which are built for commerce, including offices, malls, shopping centers, restaurants, etc. Institutional buildings, which includes hospitals, governmental, academic, and so on. Industrial spaces where thermal comfort of workers is desired. In addition to buildings, air conditioning can be used for many types of transportation - motor-cars and other land vehicles, trains, ships, aircraft, and spacecraft. Process applications aim to provide a suitable environment for a process being carried out, regardless of internal heat and humidity loads and external weather conditions. Although often in the comfort range, it is the needs of the process that determine conditions, not human preference. Process applications include these: Hospital operating theatres, in which air is filtered to high levels to reduce infection risk and the humidity controlled to limit patient dehydration. Although temperatures are often in the comfort range, some specialist procedures such as open heart surgery require low temperatures (about 18 °C, 64 °F) and others such as neonatal relatively high temperatures (about 28 °C, 82 °F). Cleanrooms for the production of integrated circuits, pharmaceuticals, and the like, in which very high levels of air cleanliness and control of temperature and humidity are required for the success of the process. Facilities for breeding laboratory animals. Since many animals normally only reproduce in spring, holding them in rooms at which conditions mirror spring all year can cause them to reproduce year-round. Aircraft air conditioning. Although nominally aimed at providing comfort for passengers and cooling of equipment, aircraft air conditioning presents a special process because of the low air pressure outside the aircraft[vague]. Data processing centers Textile factories Physical testing facilities Plants and farm growing areas Nuclear facilities Chemical and biological laboratories Mines Industrial environments Food cooking and processing areas In both comfort and process applications the objective may be to not only control temperature, but also humidity, air quality and air movement from space to space. 空调工程师广泛鸿沟空调应用到舒适和进程。 舒适度应用的目的是要提供建筑室内环境，仍然是相对恒定的一系列倾向于人类尽管天气变化的外部条件或内部热负荷。 空调使得建筑物深计划可行，否则他们会必须建立狭窄或轻井，使室内空间得到充分的室外空气通过自然通风。空调也可以是高大的建筑物，因为风速显着上升的高度作出不切实际的自然通风非常高楼大厦。舒适度应用的各种建筑类型完全不同，并可能被归类为 低密度住宅，包括单一家庭住房，复式，小公寓楼 高层住宅建筑，如高的宿舍和公寓楼 商业大厦，这是专为商业，包括办公室，商场，购物中心，餐馆等 体制的建筑物，其中包括医院，政府机构，学术机构，等等。 工业空间，热舒适性的工人是理想的。 除了建筑，空调可用于多种类型的运输-电动机车和其他车辆，火车，轮船，飞机和航天器。 处理申请的目的是提供一个合适的环境，一个进程正在开展的，无论内部的温度和湿度负荷和外部的气候条件。虽然经常在舒适范围内，这是需要过程，确定条件，而不是人的偏好。这些工艺的应用包括： 医院手术室，在这种空气过滤，以高水平，以减少感染风险和湿度控制，限制病人脱水。虽然气温往往在舒适范围内，一些专门的程序，如心内直视手术需要低温（大约为18 ° C ， 64 ° F ）和其他如新生儿相对较高的温度（约28 ℃ ， 82 ° F ）之间。 洁净生产的集成电路，药品等，在这种非常高的空气洁净度和控制温度和湿度都需要取得成功的进程。 设施育种实验动物。由于许多动物通常只在春季繁殖，持有他们的房间在条件反射镜今年春季可能会导致他们重现全年。 飞机空调。虽然名义上，旨在为旅客提供舒适和冷却设备，飞机空调提出了一个特殊的进程，因为在低气压的飞机以外的[模糊] 。 数据处理中心 纺织工厂 物理测试设施 植物和农业种植区 核设施 化学和生物实验室 地雷 工业环境 食品烹饪和加工领域 在这两种应用的舒适度和进程的目标可能是不仅控制温度，而且还湿度，空气质量和空气流动的空间，以空间。

暖通空调就很好了

Guide the future development of the concept of automotive vehicles Summary of high-tech popularization and application makes the pace of replacement automotive products faster and faster, also makes the Chinese automotive industry independent research and development level and technical level with the international on the growing gap in the development of the concept car is even more the difference between the very poor. WTO accession for China car alarm sounded, but also tremendous opportunity, our government, as well as automotive companies must increase their research and automotive design input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle design . Keywords concept car designed to develop science, technology and culture Technology start-ups PIONEERINGWITHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMONTHLY The 21st century, in order to lead and performance of the new century, the development of future automotive trends, a number of international auto companies, one after another at the major auto show in the world to launch its own concept car and new car. There is, however, must be caused by a phenomenon we are concerned about: As a car big country, but few Chinese car makers to launch its own development and design concept cars. Are one of the main reasons for China's automotive design concepts and methods, as well as the lack of research and development of concept cars do not pay enough attention. It can be said that a self-designed and self-development capacity of the automobile industry, it is difficult to say that is a complete auto industry. Thus we must intensify the study of automotive design and input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle design. 1 "concept car" is defined The so-called "concept cars" that have not yet begun to enter the market with a design unique and must advance the awareness of the new models. Its main characteristics are: it must give people are to consider that can guide the new concept cars. It has just the design in general at the time, people's aesthetic ideas, the purchasing power and even the level of motor vehicle manufacturing industry is also unbearable. Generally it will be it avant-garde design, innovative materials, bold use of a more perfect performance, the new car interior design indicates that the direction of development of the automobile industry. Some of the world's largest car company every year to spend many human and material resources to design their own concept car, and in some large auto exposition on display. It can be said that with the continuous introduction of concept cars, the near future may occur on some concept cars have today, some features or functions of the car. But not necessarily a concept car will each eventually evolve into mass production cars to enter the market, the majority of concept cars are finally only a "concept" for people to discuss the matter. 2 concept car, in reality the meaning of concept car design and development of automotive products reflected the development trend of the performance of the highest scientific level and the most sophisticated technology in concept car At the International Motor Show the previous, and the major automotive companies and the introduction of the concept of lot of cars, concept cars to remove these sleek, but also more integrated into a large number of high-tech and modern means of the introduction of the concept car to become Motor Company takes pride in the idea of the concept of automotive research and development are often accompanied by new technologies and the use of new materials with certain forward-looking, herald a new stage of development and the beginning for this reason that car companies the development of the concept car has invested great human and material resources, with its show car the company's strong momentum of development. Various high-tech applications, making car slowly evolved into information, communications, entertainment centers and the exchange of information with the outside world, the computer functions and Internet all-round involvement, in-car information and entertainment equipment, advanced navigation equipment, real-time traffic information function of the growing popularity of the inevitable demand of these high-tech automotive designers transcend time and space to establish a new value system, the emergence of various new technologies for the automotive design freely given to a wider space. Function of motor vehicles for further expansion and development of the concept car, the car gradually from the cold machinery into human information exchange platform, if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions with pregnant, anger, sadness and joy, such as facial expression make the concept car than in high volume production cars, become a new symbol of time. Concept Car Design of automotive products have greater and greater impact, it represents the development direction of the automobile industry and the basic idea of the automobile company design standards and a symbol of scientific and technological level. human physiological needs and psychological needs of the largest Satisfied --- Automotive Engineering in the Ergonomics Ergonomics are 50 in the early 20th century with the rapid development of a new subject with the aim of research, design and engineering technology to solve the relationship between the human body. Car body design in ergonomics, it is to people (drivers and passengers) as the center, from the body's physiology, psychology, and exercise the human body, the research body design, layout and equipment in terms of how to adapt to people need to create a manipulation convenient, safe, reliable, beautiful and comfortable driving environment and take the environment, that is the best person to design a - vehicle - environment system. References 1尹定邦. Introduction to Study Design [M]. Hunan: Hunan Science and Technology Press, 1999 2张洪欣. Auto Design [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 1997 3 Tang Jia-Ti, Han Xiao Jian had denitrification. --- Product conceptual design theory, methods and techniques [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2002 Tang Shu-Min 4. Concept cars and car design development and innovation [J]. Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Journal, 2002 (6)参考资料：