研究生毕业论文前言英语翻译

Class Meeting is important form of class activities, main channel and effective means of class education and the main front of moral education in schools.With the coming of internet time, people's values, world view, moral philosophy, attitudes to life and way of life are changed enormously. Educators must self-adjusting with the times and actively adapt to the network environment, the pace of new developments and requirements. At present, There are some not compatible with the network environment issues in primary and secondary class meetings. So schools must stands on the high degree of development to overall coordinate and remodel the function of class meeting and organize special training, improve class teacher professionalism, carry out research on class meeting, come up with improvement policy to increase relevance and timeliness of education and educate adolescent with modern ideological and moral quality.This article uses literature, case studies, questionnaire surveys and comparative analysis to research. At first, it analyzes the effect of internet environment on class meeting and makes overall grasp of main features, the main function of the type commonly used, theoretical basis and principles of organization in class meeting under the effect of internet environment. Then this article makes research on the current situation of class meeting and makes an conclusion that class meeting has problems of vague educational goals, subject content is removed from students practice, less creative on design, low student participation, Emotional interaction not in place, etc. At last, this article comes up with four policies of improving class meeting, that is, specific class meeting goals to improve ideological and moral system of students under the network environment; comply with characteristics of the network environment to break through the bottleneck of class meeting; carry out specific school-based training to improve the quality of class meeting; create a good atmosphere to improve the status of class meeting.看看能不能帮上你 呵呵 我自己翻译的 见笑了

Entering the 21st century, the computer technology, thenetwork technology rapid development, e-commerce has become a strong vitality and business mode. Under the e-commerce environment, producers of production will come according to market demand, its sales will be accomplished by computer and network, will completely change traditional business modes of business processes. Business environment of the revolutionary change will inevitably lead to the denotation and connotation of the management accounting, information technology revolution change fundamentally impact and challenges the traditional accounting basic theory system and accounting model. This article mainly from the influence of e-commerce on accounting is analyzed, and puts forward some improvement measures.Any accounting theory is based on certain accounting environment and practical basis. E-commerce greatly changed the traditional accounting environment of accounting theory, also inevitable effects. E-commerce from the organization or geography is a virtual enterprise, the traditional accounting theory and the corresponding principles need to develop. Based on modern information technology on the basis of e-commerce has impact on the traditional accounting pattern, new social economic environment, the development of e-commerce in China's economic development has brought an unprecedented opportunities and challenges.

啊哈（这个“啊哈”乃证据助词，）希望一品 优刊  帮到伱了(づ￣ 3￣)づ

在毕业论文写作过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节，尤其是研究生同学，一般导师都会要求阅读一定数量的英文文献，这是因为许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献，借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。

如何写开题报告，如何写文献综述，如何阅读外文文献，可以说，阅读一定数量的外文文献是毕业论文写作的必经之路。

要求如下：

1、前言

简要说明写作的目的，有关的概念以及综述范围，说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点，所要解决的问题等。一般以 100～200 字为宜，使读者在读完前言后对有关问题获得一个初步的轮廓。

2、主体

主体部分是全文的主要部分，具体写法以能较好地表达综述的内容为准则。通常根据内容的多少，将主体部分分为几段，每段有小标题。

可按年代顺序综述。也可按不同的问题进行综述，还可按不同的观点进行比较综述，不管用那一种格式综述，都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较，阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向，以及对这些问题的评述。

主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。

主体部分每一段落的开始应是综合提炼出来的观点，即论点；接着是文献所提出的实验结果或调查事实，即论据，可见主体部分是按论点和论据组织材料的。

总之，综述主体部分是以综合概括的论点开头引路，继之以诸家的资料、实验结果为论据展开层次论证。所以，综述也是一种论证文章的体裁，只是论点与论据都是前人文献所提供。

如果前人的观点分散或不甚明确，则需作者整理概括，成为开头。在论述某些观点时，作者可有倾向性，但对相反的观点也应简要如实列出。对存在的矛盾和问题应充分如实描述。

3、总结

常见的方式有：

①扼要的概括、精练主题部分的主要内容；

②介绍尚待解决的问题及对前景的展望；

③某些篇幅较小的综述，也可以省略结束语。

4、参考文献

通常凡引述的资料和主要的论点都应注明文献出处，以便使读者检索查阅。所引文献应以近 3 年内者为主；另外，未公开发表的资料不宜作为参考文献。

在我国许多期刊希望列出重要的参考文献，一般限为 20～30 条为宜；但国际上许多生物医学期刊的综述文章，其参考文献甚多，全篇所列文献常达数百条之多。参考文献的著录格式国内尚不统一，应按各刊「投稿须知」要求撰写。

扩展资料：

1、如何查询国内专利文献

可通过中国国家知识产权局(）和中国专利信息中心（）网站上的「专利检索」。

可以免费检索全部中国专利信息（有文摘）。如需获取专利全文，则需前去中国国家知识产权局查阅，也可通过 CSDL 馆际互借和原文传递系统代为办理。

2、如何查询国外专利文献

科学院用户可首先选择查询 Web of Knowledge 中Derwent Innovations Index (德温特世界专利索引)，它是检索专利的权威数据库，收录全球了 40 多个专利机构的 900 万条基本专利，1800 万项专利，该库大部分有文摘，小部分有全文。

3、其它可供利用的网上免费数据库

欧洲专利局专利数据库：

http://ep.espacenet.com/ （免费 文摘）

美国专利商标局专利数据库：

（免费 文摘、全文）

WTO知识产权组织：

（免费 文摘）

IBM专利数据库资源：

（免费 文摘、部分全文）

更多请参见中国专利信息网上的（国外）专利网站：

Introduction: Entering the 21st century, computer technology, the rapid development of network technology, electronic commerce has become a very strong life business way. E-commerce environment, producers will be market demand for production, its sales will be done by means of computer and network, will completely change the traditional business mode of business processes. Revolutionary changes in business environment will inevitably lead to the connotation and extension of accounting management revolutionize the information technology impact and fundamentally challenges the basic theory of traditional accounting system and accounting models. This article, from the impact of electronic commerce on the accounting analysis, and propose improvement measures. Any accounting theory is always based on certain accounting environment and practical foundations. E-commerce has greatly changed the traditional accounting environment inevitably impact on the accounting theory. E-commerce in terms of organizational or geographical is a virtual enterprise, the traditional principles of accounting theory and the corresponding need to develop. Built on the basis of modern information technology, e-commerce has been the impact of the traditional accounting model, the new socio-economic environment, the development of e-business to China's economic development has brought an unprecedented opportunity and challenges.

外文翻译要求：（1）选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。（2）选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。（3）外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

翻译英文可以找清北医学翻译，他们团队挺大的，都是一些外籍学究，我翻译了两篇，语法问题没有出现任何错误。

Theme party is an important form of class activities, classes and effective means of education and moral education work in school is main position.As the network age, people's values and outlook, moral philosophy and attitude to life and existence is changed, the education workers must adjust, advancing with The Times and adapt to the new situation under network environment and development. Currently, the primary class cannot exist with the network environment problems. Therefore, the school must stand in the development, all-round, coordinated and reshape the banner, organization of special training, improve the quality of teacher professional class, improve strategy research, thereby improving pertinence and effectiveness of moral education, cultivate modern moral qualities of youth.Using the method of documentary, questionnaire survey method, the case study and comparison analysis. Firstly, the analysis of the network environment on the effect of class under the network environment, the main characteristics of the class, the main function, commonly used types and theoretical basis and organizational principle. Then for class status surveys, summed up now, class education target, vague existing content from students' practical and creative design, the student participation owed is not high, the emotional interaction such problems, and finally put forward four, improve class strategies, clear goal, the class under the network environment, perfect the juvenile moral system, Network environment characteristics, the breakthrough with banner development bottleneck, Develop school-based training, improve the special class quality, To create a good atmosphere, improve class status..........5分给你翻译....

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