科技论文翻译研究现状

Second, status quo The trademark name for people like commodities as important. For commodities, trade mark is not only a title, but also a symbol of quality, enterprises, trademarks do not have to open more of a salesman. Trademarks competition as a special language symbols, have their differences, and the protection of advertising, we in the process of translation needs more stringent carefully and seriously weighed. In recent years, many scholars from a variety of different angles on the translation of the word in English and Chinese trademark conducted an in-depth study and research, and put forward some of the theoretical basis for the translation of strategy. Cultural perspective In international trade, a well-known brand names faithful translation of the language allows a potential entry point for consumers from knowing the product. "Literal translation" of the trademark is the original meaning of the surface of the converter. However, the special case of trademarks, and sometimes literal not a good expression of the cultural trademarks of the original flavor, but also because of cultural differences may be unable to target markets and customer acceptance of its products. Dai-rong (2004) from the start with cultural factors, on the trademark translation notable commercial purposes in the Western culture and the great differences in the translation, the traditional "true" and "equivalent" translation standards have been unable to adapt trademark translation flexibility not without losing the "letter" or "letter." I should be the desired goal at the top of translation. Trademark Translation is a cross-language, cross-cultural communication, and made in the translation of Chinese and Western cultures should focus on the exchange of information (Yuan Zhifa, 2007). Wang 1 (2007) in its "trademark trademark translation and cultural translation of the" trademarks in the text of a translation should be allowed to trademark product information disclosed; trademark advertising language translation must be consistent with the cultural identity; trademark translation market with the goal of social and political concern to close problems associated. An aesthetic point of view There are also many scholars believe that attention should be paid to trademark translation trademark aesthetic values. Trademarks to trigger a potential users better Lenovo. "Translation" is based on such purposes is in the majority. Mei Li (2007) from an aesthetic point of view, in its "aesthetic perspective from the translation of brand names in an article entitled" on the sale of trademarks in products plays an important role in advertising, the name of the goods it is necessary to use a translation, easily overwhelming majority consumers understand the ordinary people but also the aesthetic needs and aesthetic capacities, and for them to accept and appreciate, but also in line with the national, political, economic, cultural and religious beliefs and customs. Trademarks can be aesthetic features of the sound from the United States, form the United States, the United States intended to explore three areas, the translator should have the courage to innovation, with the sound translated the United States, Italy and the United States market effect of translation. (Cuijinqi, 2006) Function on the angles The same information, use two different languages, different recipients, but it has to have the same effect, which is equivalent translation of the main principles (Liu Chang-e, 2007). Li Ying (2003), Xiao Hui (2000), and other people think that the trademark should not rigidly adhere to the original translation, but should be flexible. The trademark translation and text to produce the same or similar functions. Li Ying in its "equivalent English translation of the word trademark" trademark in the translation should be avoided because of cultural differences in the use of a different understanding of the term as far as possible Baoyi or neutral color word, as brief as possible accessibility, innovative and good mind Word. And the lack of regret China's trademark translation After several decades of development and through the diligence of many research scholars have made notable achievements. But research in the field there are still some deficiencies and shortcomings. Translation Studies trademark line with the actual use. Traditional methods of translation, linguistics approach because too much emphasis on "faithful" and ignored cultural factors, resulting in the one-sidedness and on the actual operation of blindness. For example, the trademark is intended to arouse customers better purchasing desire to mark commercial function. Translation sector more than talking about is a trademark translation Alto, shape, the name of the right and so on, and ignored the trademark been accepted by the target market of consumers. Therefore, in the process of translation trademarks often be asked trademarks and translated language culture does not conform with trademark violation in the target language: the customary usage, and so on.

摘要近十多年来,我国的翻译研究取得了可喜的成就,研究视野也更加开阔,但在理论建构,研究深度和创新性方面尚存在一定的不足之处。本文从三个方面简要概括了国内翻译研究的现状并指出其不足之处,以期能对以后的译学研究有所启示。 关键词翻译研究 翻译标准 多元化视角 中图分类号:H059文献标识码:A 0 引言 伴随全球化的深入发展,翻译作为沟通不同文化的重要精神桥梁正在与社会各领域发生着更为广泛的联系。近十多年来,中国的翻译研究艰难但迅速地跨越了从对“信达雅”无休止的争论,乃达、纽马克、卡特福德等西方语言学翻译理论的引入,到对巴斯特等的多元系统、操纵理论、女性主义等翻译思想或流派的评价和接收过程。研究著作不断涌现,翻译理论也取得了突出的成就,研究范围不断扩大,视角也日趋多元化,方法与手段也更为客观、科学。 1 科学观与艺术观的统一 长期以来,翻译研究都陷于诸如形与神,直意与意译,归化与异化等经验主义的二元对立中,而近十多年来引起翻译界激烈争论的当数有关翻译性质的科学观与艺术观。 在《中国翻译》杂志上,劳陇(1996)声称“翻译活动是不受客观规律支配的,所以翻译活动不可能成为科学。” 而唯一正确的道路是:“我们必须在翻译实践的基础之上,集中力量,实事求是地研究和解决翻译理论的基本问题,即Why(为什么),What(是什么)和How(怎么办)的问题,通过广泛的研究,达到共同的、一致的、正确的认识,然后在这个可靠的基础上逐步建立起完整的翻译理论体系来。” 无独有偶,就在同一年,林璋(1996)对翻译和翻译学、科学与艺术等基本概念作了论证,并争论说翻译是一种行为,“翻译始终都在处理聚合关系,对聚合关系的处理贯穿翻译的全过程”,进而得出翻译既不是艺术也不是科学,只是一种技能,而研究翻译行为和翻译结果的翻译学毋庸置疑是一门科学。 相关科学,特别是语言学的发展,促使翻译研究沿着科学方向深入探索,但长期以来,人们基本上是凭借他人或自身的经验进行翻译,大多数论著也不过是经验的总结。从这个意 义上来讲,翻译还只是处于“前科学”阶段,所以许钧(1996)认为翻译是一门正在探索中的科学。 究竟翻译是艺术、科学、还是技巧?这简直比讨论先有鸡还是先有蛋还麻烦,因为翻译可以指翻译活动、翻译行为、翻译现象、翻译方法等。抛开概念的含糊不论,一种艺术未见得不可以有理论。就译者必须运用语言重塑原文中的形象而言,翻译应当是一门艺术;但翻译又不仅仅是艺术,译者的“生命”源泉在于原作之中,译者绝不能只凭直觉,任意发挥,他还得借助语言逻辑去正确理解,因此无论何种翻译都要讲点儿科学。在翻译过程中抽象思维,形象思维与灵感思维是同时运用的,从这点上来讲,翻译应该是科学性与艺术性的统一,故翻译理论研究应彻底摆脱“科学观”与“艺术观”的二元对立(蔡新乐,2005),从而为为翻译理论的建构开辟新的思路和途径。 2 翻译标准多元化 翻译标准是翻译学的核心问题之一,也一直是翻译界争论的焦点。自严复的“信达雅”后,郁达夫从译者的角度提出了“学思得”三字标准。著名的还有林语堂的三字论“信顺美”、傅雷的“神似”论、钱钟书的“化境”说等,但译界公认,这些传统的翻译标准纯属“经验式”、“随想式”的散论,缺乏系统性,精密性和可分析性,而且始终没能摆脱严复的“信达雅”的框架(陈福康,1992)。 在批判继承传统翻译标准的基础上,王东风(1996)对严复的“雅”作了新的阐释,认为“雅”属于言语美,并指出言语美在不同的语体中主要有三种美学形态,即日常口语交际注重的伦理美;公文、科技和政治语体中的规范美;文艺语体追求的艺术美。刘宓庆(1996)则从美学的角度,提出翻译的三条语言审美标准――“真实性”,即对应(equivalence),包括语言的形象对应性;“清晰性”,即条理思路清楚,立意、陈词明晰;“约定性”,即译语的用词要符合约定俗成。 当今一些学者以客观上不存在绝对忠实的译作为由,主张译者放弃对忠实的主观追求。对此,曹明伦(2006)旗帜鲜明地指出以“忠实”为取向的翻译标准永远不会过时,因为以忠实为取向的翻译标准从来就是译者主观上的自律准则,也是人们评判译作质量好坏的客观准绳。当代翻译界仍以推陈出新的方式使用“忠实”这一术语,坚持这一概念,甚至德里达的英文版译者也提出了“忠实原则系统”。 当下越来越多的研究者认为放之四海而皆准的翻译标准并不存在,翻译标准是多元互补的。辜正坤先生(2003)认为:“由于翻译具有多重功能,人类的审美情趣也具有多样性,读者译者具有多层次,翻译手法、译作风格和价值因而势必多样化,而这一切终将导致翻译标准的多元化。” 这一见解可谓是高瞻远瞩,颇具客观性。的确,随着世界多元化的发展,翻译标准也必将呈现多元化。 3 翻译研究的新视角 相关学科的迅猛发展使译学界越来越深刻地认识到翻译研究是一门综合性极强的学科,诸如文化学、传播学、哲学、思维学等都和翻译研究息息相关,这促使译学由单纯的学科内部研究转向与其它学科的交叉性研究。一如周方珠(2005)所言,翻译理论必须突破传统译论的藩篱,将众(下转第171页)(上接第140页)多相关学科的知识融入其中,使其形成多元框架,从而对翻译起到普遍的指导作用。 以往的翻译研究大都是对语言的转换过程进行探讨,较少触及到翻译问题的根源,所以很难从本质上揭示翻译的基本规律,而近年来从思维的角度进行翻译研究的论文和专著与日俱增。“实际上,作为一种跨语际的交流活动,翻译不仅仅是一种语言变化的表象操作,更多的是一种文化思维模式的转换过程(刘金龙,安全勇,2006)。 翻译实际上是一个动态的语用过程和思维过程,其中既有客观因素又有主观特点,所以深入研究人脑的思维活动将是译学研究的突破口。 语料库翻译和机器翻译研究在国内逐渐受到广泛关注,相关文章也是层出不穷,诸如“语料库翻译研究的历史与进展”(刘敬国,2006)让我国的读者对西方语料库的研究获得了比较全面的了解和认识。刘群的“机器翻译研究新进展”(2009)则系统介绍了近年来国际机器翻译,特别是统计机器翻译等方面取得的一些进展。这些研究都更好地拓展了翻译研究的新视角。 4 结语 本文仅从三个方面对国内近十多年的翻译研究作了简要概括,而翻译理论技巧,翻译评论等其他方面未能一一涉及。总的来说,中国的译学研究在十多年的时间里可谓是硕果累累,但在看到成就的同时,我们也应该意识到我国的译学理论的建构仍然处于初级阶段,无论在深度和广度上都还存在着很大的局限性。 首先是批判意识和创新能力不强。无论是对于中国传统的译论还是西方的最新研究成果,我们往往只满足于诠释和效仿,因袭多而创新少,证实多而证伪少。其次是大多数研究还只是停留在语言文化及文学方面的单一的静态的零散对比研究,从哲学、社会学等角度在高层次上研究翻译的功能,或借用心理认知和科学理论深入研究翻译过程的成果却很少,还有待于系统完善,各学科交叉研究与整合有待深入探讨和发展。特别是在语料库翻译研究方面,同西方相比,我们尚有很大的差距。大多数文章仅限于泛泛地对语料库翻译研究进行介绍和评价,而基于语料库的实证性翻译研究却严重不足。 从国内译学研究的长远发展来看,21世纪的译学工作者似乎更需要学会批判性地继承和吸收国内外先进的译学理论,并结合实际进行理论创新,将外来的理论本土化,站在跨学科的角度,不断推进中国的翻译研究向纵深方向发展。