有关企业经营的外国论文

Management Master Peter? Druk that we are in a "change of the times," Knowledge has become the most critical social and economic resources. Enterprises are facing global competition, innovation and processing speed as the key factor in the growth of , knowledge-based enterprises have a pilot with the content background The global economic integral whole turns, customer the need diversifies to shorten with the product life cycle of background under, vehemence of market competition in the depth and wide degree up pushed the information of technical application, make business enterprise the organization turns toward the numeral, the network turns, the knowledge turns, the conjecture turns with the globalization direction trends managed the theories to the traditional economy to put forward the challenge:(L)On the target mode, the business enterprise organization pursues the economic target that the profits maximizes to change direction to even pay attention to create customer's value to wait the social target from the simplicity, undertaking the social responsibility of the business enterprise organization, carrying out the dual target to unify.(2)In organizing the mode, simplify to manage the layer, from the pyramid type lengthways the layer structure changes direction the horizontal network structure.(3)On the performance mode, change direction the speed a performance from the scale, the quality a performance.(4)In managing the object, change direction the management of paying attention to the invisible production factor for the lord from the visible production factor more.(5)In managing the way, change direction into the employee to provide the work environment of the suitable knowledge, data and support the business process from"the direct control" of the past, well develop the creation of the employee, the biggest limit makes use of its knowledge and specialty, not demands the employee in keeping with some fix, the management style that come to a deadlock.(such as table 1 show)Among them, the particularly worthy of concern of the variety of the management data expresses that the product manufacturing cost Central plains anticipates to present the gradual descendent trend with the comparison that cost of labor in the traditional steel industry, the American steel company employs 120,000 workers in 1980, to the yield of 1990 constant, but employs 20,000 according to covariance, belong to the cost of the raw material and energy to only have 2% in the integrated chip manufacturing industry of the high technology, mostly belong to the development lot of immaterial assetses of the business enterprises and the comparisons of the tangible assets that have the real strenght attain 2:1 or 3:1 even knowledge property and immaterial assets etc. can't let a lot of business enterprise in a short times creating the traditional way compared to of value, more and more business enterprises start being aware of science and technology knowledge to wait the invisible production factor as to it's exist with the importance for knowledge first leads a business enterprise, meaning those business enterprises of the keys factors that see the knowledge to make to obtain the long-term competitive business enterprise ability clear the understanding belongs to the oneself the core ability of the knowledge, existing knowledge and the margin that carries out the knowledge that the strategic target of the business enterprise need, thus have to consciously strengthen the management to the knowledge and grow, pass usage collectively the intelligence exaltation organizes to meet an emergency the ability and creative up to say from a certain meaning, the business enterprises that hope to acquire the farsighted development all should are a knowledge to first lead a business enterprise, passing the study, innovation of knowledge and applying to carry out the business enterprise prospect programming with the farsighted strategy.

Virtual operators in the role of SME development Virtual operators are independent from the manufacturers, customers, competitors or even peer through the information technology network as a temporary organization, to achieve the shared technology, cost-sharing and to meet the market demand for the purpose. Since the 1990s, virtual operators tide sweeping across the world. Some large multinational companies such as IBM, Dell, GE, Compaq, Ford, Nike, Philips, China's Chunlan, Little Swan, TCL, Tsingtao, Haier, and other enterprises, are using virtual operating low-cost access to external resources . The arrival of the era of virtual operators, not only for large enterprises to create a new business concept and mode of operation, more rapid development of China's SMEs to build a new platform. First, the emergence of virtual operators and their characteristics With the scientific and technological progress and social development, the world economy has undergone major changes. On the one hand, people according to their production, work and life needs and economic sustainability, the variety of products and specifications, color and style, and other aspects of diversity and individuality of the request for more and shorter delivery time, reasonable prices and demand Its economy can withstand Phase adapt to the other hand, business people face uncertainty and the diversity of individual needs and the ever-changing market, to seek survival and development must have a high degree of flexibility and rapid response capability. Modern enterprises to simplify the organizational structure, develop in the direction of the flat was able to produce knowledge, technology, capital, raw materials, markets and management of resources together in virtual operators. Virtual operators are independent from the manufacturers, customers, competitors or even peer through the information technology network as a temporary organization, to achieve the shared technology, cost-sharing and to meet the market demand for the purpose. Virtual operators to change between life-and-death winning or losing enterprises (Win-Los), a benefit-sharing, risk sharing and win-win (Win-Win), by integrating the various members of the core capabilities and resources in management, technology, Resources have a unique competitive edge, through the sharing of market opportunities and customers, the aim of achieving a win-win situation. Virtual operating characteristics: 1, cooperative competition Virtual Management is built on the common goal of cooperation on competition in the digital information age, cooperation more important than competition. Virtual general business from a core business and several members of enterprises, the introduction of new products, able to rely on the information network, the choice of different enterprises of resources, with different strengths to the enterprise through integrated into a single information technology to link the dynamic Union, to jointly deal with the challenges of the market, joint participation in international competition. As virtual network operators to rely on technology, beyond the boundaries of space and therefore can be on a global scale in many options to select partners to ensure that cooperation between the parties to achieve the sharing of resources, complementarity and effective cooperation. And the speed is of great competitive advantage. The Union will virtual enterprise as the market and product changes and adjustments, in general could be dissolved after the completion of the project. Virtual Enterprise restraint mechanism of this cooperation is the common goal of competition. 2, dynamic Virtual operators can dynamically integrate and use of resources, to maintain technological leadership. Virtual operators to quickly and effectively integrate the use of information technology and network technology, enterprises and the members of all aspects of the technical staff are involved in the research and implementation of innovation and thus better maintain technology leadership. Virtual enterprises not only to provide products and services, and pay more attention to their customers products and services to provide the real problems behind the "solution." The traditional large organizations often provide the same product, to the neglect of the same product for different customers value the differences. The virtual enterprise customers are able to start with such differences, all the participants to customers integrated provide a complete solution. Virtual enterprises to new concepts and products in accordance with the sensitivity of the request, in a targeted manner on the selection and use of economic sustainability, or have already developed technology and methods, and attaches great importance to high-tech research and development, guarantee of the leading technology. 3, Flat organizations Flat network organizations to make changes in the market environment for rapid response. As a highly developed information technology has greatly changed their internal information communication and the role of middle management, virtual enterprises through social coordination and contractual relations, outsourcing non-core parts, components and certification of quality reliability, making the management of the business Flat organizations and information. Reduction of the middle level, so that decision-making closer to the implementation layer, so that virtual enterprises face a rapidly changing market, to address market and customer needs, the development of business process re-understanding and organizations, obtained from recycling newborn. Can readily grasp the business strategy and product direction of the transfer adjustment, the internal and external team of the re-constituted, the dynamic evolution, the environment changes to make rapid response.