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《英文科技论文写作与学术报告 - 清华大学》百度网盘免费资源下载

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英文科技论文写作与学术报告 - 清华大学| Lecture 3 - Part | Lecture 3 - Part | Lecture 3 - Part | Lecture 2 - Part | Lecture 2 - Part | Lecture 2 - Part | Lecture 1 - Part | Lecture 1 - Part | Lecture 4 - Part | Lecture 4 - Part | Lecture 4 - Part | Lecture 1 - Part | Summary by| Summary by

1. introduction的特点及撰写思路

introduction的目的就是为了给读者一个研究背景知识，研究现状及存在的不足，自己研究的初步想法，并且由广泛逐步将读者的思路引入到自己研究的具体问题，并大致给予一些研究概述，研究的创新点。当然这样的读者是定位到是相关领域的，但不一定是非常了解相关的知识的人群，我们检验自己的摘要写的是否合理，就可以换位考虑这样一个状况来检验自己的introduction。

虽然上面写了一堆，还是要有一点示例，才能理解这个整体思路和特点。

2. introduction的写作顺序

假设要研究人工智能与医生诊断某项疾病的结合的应用，那么下面的结构来安排introduction的顺序。

当然这也不是唯一的，最重要的是逻辑清楚，让读者能够清晰明白为什么要做这样一个研究。

某项疾病的基本状况，发病率、诊断方法、治疗现状

这项疾病的治疗过程中还有一定的漏诊、错诊情况

以往的诊断都是以什么作为标准，还存在一定的问题

人工智能在各个行业领域得到了很大的应用和发展，比如……

但是在本疾病的治疗诊断领域还没有相关研究，或者研究还不够深刻

所以本文旨在将人工智能和疾病诊断相结合，提高诊断效果

3. 撰写introduction的注意事项

逻辑清楚

introduction的写作，主要目的就是为了让读者大致明白为什么要做这个研究，这个研究有什么样的价值。所以这个过程中，逻辑清楚是至关重要的。把握重要的的思路就是写作的过程中，像是一个倒立金字塔，刚开始铺的很大，后来慢慢收紧到自己研究的一个点。

引用清楚

这一部分正是阅读积累的一个体现，以及自己对于某一领域的认识深度。因为刚开始要把自己对于这个研究领域的大背景有所描述，并且要一步一步的指出研究领域的一些不足和还需要改变提升的方面。这个也就是笔者之前写过的如何阅读文献中谈到的要发现文章的创新点，不足点。而在这些阅读和思考的基础之上，也才会形成自己的认识和思考。

对于科技论文，我们需要知道的是，这些论文的发表，初衷是为了促进科技同行之间的交流，而并不是为了水文章，只不过后来慢慢成了支撑评价指标，变味了。不过，不忘初心确实也是适用于此，真正看到有需要改进创新的点，那么文章自然而然也会顺利，也会言之有物。

所以引用清楚，这是对于同行的工作的尊重和认可，也是便于其他同行进行回溯查阅，促进该领域发展。所以文献管理工具，endnote，noteexpress，Mendeley等等一些工具还是要学会使用，这样就避免了手动插入参考文献，一方面不专业，另一方面容易出错。

语句清楚

对于科技论文而非科普文章，语言清楚体现在，语言用词的准确，语言用词的学术书面，句子简练准确无歧义。

英文论文推荐几个网站和工具

Academic Phrasebank：

Free dictionary：

Grammarly：

Academic Phrasebank 中有对于各个部分常见的科学论文表达的总结，Free dictionary可用于寻找精准一些的词语替换，毕竟科技论文属于书面性很强的文章，文章用词不宜过分口语化。grammarly这个有网页版本，也有嵌入word的app，可用于文章书写后初筛错误，精确度要比word自带的高一些，但是笔者使用过程中发现免费版还是有一些错误修改，这个要自己进行判断。和grammarly类似的还有一些润色软件，笔者只用过grammarly，Ginger两款，并且由于grammarly有段时间不能嵌入word，所以使用了Ginger。

参考资料：科技论文的introduction怎么写？

With the development of science and technology, people's lives have been greatly changed. There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways. For instance, the invention of computers dramatically increases work efficiency and helps complete many difficult tasks that were impossible in the past. Apart from this, new discoveries and technology in medicine improve people's health, which allows them to enjoy a longer life. The progress of science also enlarges human's ablilities to explore the world around them, from up into space to deep under the sea. Thanks to the development of science and technology, human society has enjoyed continuous prosperity and more convenience. However, just like a double-edged sword, science can cause problems too. It is known to all that the nuclear power, an environmentally friendly source of energy, can also be developed into a weapon of mass destruction. In addition, human cloning, which is expected to cure many serious diseases and save lives, may bring disasters of social morality. As a matter of fact, most of the improvements in science are made at the cost of our precious natural resources and have done great harm to the environment where we live in. Therefore, how to deal with the progress of science and technology properly is worth our careful consideration.

一、引出开头1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（ 就我所知…）2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）二、表达不同观点1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异）4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）三、表示结尾1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……）3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点）6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）四、提出建议1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）5：Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的）五、预示后果1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）六、表示论证1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……）4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……）5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）七、给出原因1：The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...） 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三……3：For one thing,…… For another thing，…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面……4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，……3;It is obvious that……很显然……4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视……6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……九、表示好处和坏处1：It has the following advantages.它有如下优势2：It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处3:It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处十、表示重要、方便、可能1：It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是……2：It plays an important role in our life.十一、采取措施1：We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施2：We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难3：We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做……4：We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难十二、显示变化1：Some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化2：Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化3：It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到…4：The output of July in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%十三、表明事实现状1;We cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实……2：No one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实……3：This is a phenomenon that many people are interested （与...息息相关）十四、进行比较1：Compared with A,B……与A比较，B……2;I prefer to read rather than watch TV.十五、常用英语谚语1：Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩2：All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子3：All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马4：A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半5：Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊6：A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里7：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母8:Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母9:It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老10:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量11:Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人