国外超市布局研究文献论文

mei you

Services marketing is marketing based on relationship and value. It may be used to market a service or a a service-base business is different from marketing a product-base are several major differences, including:The buyer purchases are intangible The service may be based on the reputation of a single person It's more difficult to compare the quality of similar services The buyer cannot return the service Service Marketing mix adds 3 more p's, . people, physical environment, process[1]service and follow-through are keys to a successful venture. The major difference in the education of services marketing versus regular marketing is that instead of the traditional "4 P's," Product, Price, Place, Promotion, there are three additional "P's" consisting of People, Physical evidence, and Process. Service marketing also includes the servicescape referring to but not limited to the aesthetic appearance of the business from the outside, the inside, and the general appearance of the employees themselves. Service Marketing has been relatively gaining ground in the overall spectrum of educational marketing as developed economies move farther away from industrial importance to service oriented economies. What is marketing? Marketing is the flow of goods and services from the producer to consumer. It is based on relationship and value. In common parlance it is the distribution and sale of goods and services. Marketing can be differentiated as:Marketing of products Marketing of services. Marketing includes the services of all those indulged may it be then the wholesaler retailer, Warehouse keeper, transport etc. In this modern age of competition marketing of a product or service plays a key role. It is estimated that almost 50% of the price paid for a commodity goes to the marketing of the product in US. Marketing is now said to be a term which has no particular definition as the definitions change everyday."Managing the evidence" refers to the act of informing customers that the service encounter has been performed successfully. It is best done in subtle ways like providing examples or descriptions of good and poor service that can be used as a basis of comparison. The underlying rationale is that a customer might not appreciate the full worth of the service if they do not have a good benchmark for , it is worth remembering that many of the concepts, as well as many of the specific techniques, will work equally well whether they are directed at products or services. In particular, developing a marketing strategy is much the same for products and services, in that it involves selecting target markets and formulating a marketing mix. Thus, Theodore Levitt suggested that "instead of talking of 'goods' and of 'services', it is better to talk of 'tangibles' and 'intangibles'"[2]. Levitt also went on to suggest that marketing a physical product is often more concerned with intangible aspects (frequently the `product service' elements of the total package) than with its physical properties. Charles Revson made a famous comment regarding the business of Revlon Inc.: `In the factory we make cosmetics. In the store we sell hope.' Arguably, service industry marketing merely approaches the problems from the opposite end of the same spectrum[3].Referencespeter, S. and Rada, J. (1988) "Servicitization of business: Adding value by adding services", European Management Journalof, vol. 6, no. 4, Malik ^ Bitner, J. en Booms, B. "Marketing strategies and organizational structures for service firms", in Donnelly, J. en George, W. (1981) "Marketing of services", American Marketing Association, Chicago ^ Levitt, T. (1981) "Managing intangible products and product intangibles", Harvard Business Review, May-June, 1981, ^ Marketing by David Mercer Ng. Irene (2007) "Service Marketing"

自己去sciencedirect，springerlink等外文数据库下载啊或者到知网，维普等中文数据库下载很多的，校园网内免费获取校园网外可以利用google学术搜索，有部分能免费下载仅供参考~