绿萝丝藤
对于不少医学工作者来说,发表医学论文其中一个难题就是翻译。由于英文水平的不足,医学工作者在翻译过程中常常遇到困境。今天我们就来谈谈医学论文翻译技巧,希望对各位同学有所启发。 一、时态问题 1、表达目的所用的时态 在医学论文中,“目的”通常指进行某项研究的原因、意图,即表明研究的目标。由于研究目标的制定通常在着手开始研究之前,故可使用过去时态;但是,在论文写作中,也通常使用一般现在时来表达目的,以表达研究目的是合理的、可重复等意义。 2、表达方法和结果所用的时态 在研究性论文中,在描述所使用的实验方法、技术时通常使用过去时,以表达相关的实验方法步骤发生在过去;对结果的报道也使用过去时,以表示已经得出了结果。 3、表达结论所用的时态 医学论文的结论部分为作者表达观点、意见,以及对研究进行总结的地方,常用时态为一般现在时,以表示研究结果的客观性,如果用一般过去时,则表示这一结论仅仅适用于该研究过程中特定的情况,不具有普遍性。 二、词首字母大小写问题 关于地名和地理学术语如何正确大写的问题。因为中文不牵涉大写问题,所以中文母语的作者可能会有点迷惑。其实大写问题对于英语母语的作者而言也不太容易理顺。 三、标点符号问题 由于语言习惯影响,不少医学工作者会错误的使用英文标点符号,导致医学论文出现语言问题。下面我们列举几个英文标点符号常见的错误。 1.顿号使用错误 由于英文中没有顿号,但有些作者由于习惯影响,会在句子中使用顿号,如错误例子:The five concentrations of nitrogen in our study were 1、5、10、50、100 mg/L,respectively. 该句作者使用顿号隔开数字,应改为逗号,在英文学术论文写作中,无论是多个并行的数字、单词和短语都是用逗号来分隔。 2.书名号使用错误 对于书名、刊物名、影片、文章名在中文表达中使用书名号无可厚非,但用英文标点符号时可就注意了,如错误例子: In the book 《Pipeline Risk Management Manual》, the authorMuhlbauer W Kenr (.) grouped pipeline risk into 4 classes. 该作者错误的将句子中的书名使用了中文的标点符号,由于英文标点符号没有书名号,所以通常使用斜体字来表示,有时也可用引号、全部大写或在书刊名下划线来表示。 3.方括号和圆括号使用错误 方括号与圆括号并用时,容易产生错误,首先举一个错误的例子:[That was the colour (blue) she preferred] ,事实上在方括号和圆括号并用时,英文句子的使用方式与中文恰恰相反,即圆括号在内外,方括号在内,因此上句应改为: ( That was the colour [blue] she preferred. )
想鱼的熊
为了帮助大家学好 医学英语 ,下面我给大家带来医学 英语口语 表达大全,希望对大家有所帮助!
医学英语口语表达:胃肠
胃肠Stomach & Bowels
(1)当空腹时,他感觉胃里不舒服。
He has a certain disagreeable felling in the stomach when it is empty.
胃不调upset stomach
消化不良have bad(impaired:defective)digestion;suffer from indigestion(dyspepsia)
胃有毛病have a disordered stomach(stomach disorder);something is wrong with one's stomach.
因过食而伤胃injure one's stomach by overeating oneself
觉食物积滞胃中feel heavy on the stomach
食物不易消化lie(sit)heavy on one's stomach
自从那时起,消化便已失常。
Thereafter,the digestion was not really good.
曾有过一时性的恶心和呕吐,但并没有食欲不振或体重减少发生。
Transient nausea and vomiting was present,but no anorexia or weight loss occurred.
欲呕feel nauseated
有晨吐have morning sickness
夜吐(饭后恶心)nocturnal(postprandial)nausea
晕船(车)be sea-(car-)sick
有点恶心have(experience)some nausea
严重的作呕have considerable retching
里急后重时发生恶心和呕吐have a spell of N & V while straining at stool
患食欲不振和恶心be anorexic and nauseated
偶而恶心和呕吐develop occasional nausea and vomiting
老是溢酸,感觉腹胀burp all the time,feel bloated
吐出清净透明的胃容物with vomiting of clear gastric contents
呕吐停了,消失了vomiting stopped(ceased),cleared
止吐settle the stomach
打噎belch(eruct;eructate)
这病人恶心,曾呕吐了含有胆汁液体数次。
The patient developed nausea and vomited bile-stained fluid on several occasions.
当要呕吐时,他发觉有严重的腹上部痛和剧烈的头痛。
With the advent of vomiting,he noted severe epigastric pain as well as severe headache.
在第2天中午,她开始呕吐,随后呕吐胆汁质物。
At noon on the following day she stared vomiting food,which was followed by bile- stained material.
在病发时呕吐2次vomit twice at the onset
极度反胃regurgitate food violently
一小时后,他吐出不含血液的水质样东西。
One hour later,he vomited watery material containing no blood.
有时这病人在发作最厉害时,呕吐1、2次。
Sometimes the patient vomited once or twice at the height of the attack.
昨天早晨的呕吐物,被形容为含有未消化的食物和绿水,无血。
The vomitus of yesterday morning was described as containing indigested food and
greenish water with no evidence of blood.
最初的呕吐物是透明的,但据说住院治疗之前的呕吐物,带有褐色。
The vomitus was initially clear but just before hospitalization was said to brownish.
他开始有多次、带泡沫和臭味的大便。
He began to have frequent,frothy,foul-smelling stools.
解大便open(relax;evacuate)the bowel;have a passage
有便意have a call of nature
有1次(2次)大便have a motion(two motions)
没有大便be constipated
平均每天大便12次averaged 12 stools daily
发觉粪便中有很多血noticed gross blood in one's stools
开始一天解8次松的多脂粪便began to pass 8 loose greasy stools per day
大便增加到一天4~5次stools increased in number to 4 or 5 daily
更换尿布时有些粪便have some stool in each diaper change
大便次数减少了,但他仍然每天继续有2~3次大量的稀大便。
The stools became fewer in number but he still continued to have 2~3 large loose stools daily.
住院前2个月,她发觉黑色大便,但却把它忽略过去了。
Two months before admission she had noticed black stools but she disregarded them.
种类ordinary,dry,hard,loose(soft),large,watery(liquid),formed,formless,frothy,mucous,bloody,rice-water,pea-soup,tarry
臭味odorless,extremely foul,sour,putrid,less offensive in odor,offensive but no excessively foul
颜色black,tarry,brownish-black,brown,red,green,yellow,light-brown,grey- white(clay-colored)
大便的粗细和硬度正常,且从未呈黑色。
The stools were of normal caliber and consistency and have never been black.
大便颜色很淡,并且软如泥。
Stools were very light in color and of mushy consistence.
他诉说间歇性腹泻与便秘交替发生。
He complained of intermittent diarrhea alternating with constipation.
便秘suffer from constipation
惯性便秘habitual constipation
时常便秘be always constipated
有便秘倾向have a tendency to be constipated
只有灌肠才能缓和严重的便秘one's severe constipation was relieved only by enemas
便秘很难治,他以前常乞灵于泻药。
The constipation was very obstinate(stubborn)and he resorted to the frequent use of cathartics.
她的便秘逐渐严重起来,同时发觉到粪便直径变细。
She became progressively more constipated and noted a narrowing in the caliber of
the stools.
晨泻,水泻,粘液性腹泻,慢性腹泻diarrhea(morning,watery,mucous,dysenteric,chronic)
腹泻diarrhea(轻症mild,拖延的protracted,无法控制的uncontrolled,难医的intractable)
患腹泻suffer from diarrhea;have(an attack of)diarrhea;have loose bowels
短期的腹泻发生了a brief episode of diarrhea occurred
开始泻腹(自然消失,于两天后消失)diarrhea commenced(spontaneously disappeared,cleared after 2 days)
偶而泻肚子have occasional diarrhea
腹泻厉害,在3~7次之间diarrhea varied in severity from 3 to 7 .
不得不服药be obliged to take physics
腹泻未因吃脱脂牛奶而转佳received skim milk without any improvement in the diarrhea
用泻药use a purgative
他患腹泻,每天有8~10次带有粘液,脓和鲜红色血的大便。
He developed diarrhea with the daily passage of 8~10 stools containing mucous,pus,and bright red blood.
Ex2:以前他患过同样的腹泻,但从来没有这么严重过。
He previously had similar attacks of diarrhea but they were never so severe.
医学英语口语表达:排尿
排尿Urination,生殖器Genitalia
(1)他诉说,在两侧鼠蹊部和睾丸有拉痛,且有夜尿,小便时有灼热感,间或放红色的尿。
He complained of a drawing pain in both groins and testicles,nocturia,burning on urination and the intermittent voiding of red-colored urine.
排便micturate;make(pass)water;void;piss
一夜有2次小便have nocturia twice nightly (a night)
这次住院时解出一个结石pass a stone on this admission
小便浑浊one's urine is thick(colored)
解出极浑浊,乳白色的尿the passage of highly turbid,milky urine
频尿frequent urination(micturition)
无法忍受的频尿intolerable frequency of urination
终末性血尿terminal hematuria
终末尿带有几滴血urine terminates with a few drops of blood
排尿痛micturition pain
解尿时左腰疼痛have pain in the left loin on micturition
小便流势良好void with a good stream
尿流细小small urinary stream
常解少量的尿pass small amounts of urine frequently
小便发生困难dysuria(inability to void)developed
小便时非常的痛piss pins and needles
变成失禁become incontinent
患便尿失禁develop urinary and fecal incontinence
把尿失禁完全治好obtain complete cure of incontinence
不能把尿尽行解出be unable to void without residual urine
小便时有强烈的烧灼感,当他工作时受到很大的困扰。
His voiding was accompanied by severe burning,and he was greatly inconvenienced at work.
他尿意频频,但每次仅出2、3滴。
He has a frequent desire to urinate,but only a few drops cone out each time.
(2)性欲减退,但仍能射精。
There was a decrease in libido but ejaculation was still present.
发觉性欲减退note decreased libido
发觉性欲渐减note gradual loss of libido
性欲有些减退have some decrease in libido
没有性欲have no libido
性冷感be frigid(unaffectionate)sexually
性欲正常libido is normal
性要求过高(太低)be oversexed(undersexed)
对于性交无热诚be unenthusiastic about intercourse
性感不快已有几个月了had dyspareunia for a few months
不起劲的性关系devitalized sexual relationship
25至35岁夫妻的正常次数normal frequency of intercourse for married couples of 25 to 35
未曾达到高潮never achieve(reach)climax
在结婚头一年时常不容易达到极致frequently have difficulty in reaching orgasm in one's marital coitus in the first year of marriage
未曾尝过情欲高潮的极致have not experienced orgasm
仅有过一次情欲高潮的极致have only had an orgasm once
享受每一动作greatly enjoy every act of sexual intercourse
节欲be continent
仍能射精,但阴茎勃起力却减退了。
Ejaculation was possible but penile erectile strength decreased.
后来月经停止了,而她对于「性」冷淡了起来。
Later,menstruation ceased and she became sexually aopathetic.
阴蒂边发痒、有刺激感itching and irritation around the clitoris
婚前的纵欲premarital sexual indulgence
婚前有过性关系engaged in premarital sexual relationship
接交过性病病人venereally exposed;venereal exposure
染淋疾,患梅毒contract gono.,get syphilis
否认与性病有染deny . contact
不能人道inability to perform sexual intercourse
交媾疼痛painful coitus(coition)
突然变成阳萎suddenly became impotent
一星期以前,他发觉在右鼠蹊部,发生无压痛的肿胀,时起时消。
He noticed a nontender swelling appearing on and off in his right groin one week ago.
这病人诉说阴茎和足底发痒,并且齿龈有不舒服感。
The patient complained of pruritus of the penis and itching in the soles of the feet,and an annoying sensation in the gingiva.
月经于13岁开始,一直到发生月经过多症以前,经期正常。
Menarche occurred at 13 years of age and the menstrual cycle remained within normal limits until the onset of menorrhagia.
月经开始(少量、中等、厚、多) (mild,moderate,frank,heavy)menses begin (start;commence;take place)
经期正常28~30日一次have normal period at 28-to 30-day intervals
月经规则,周期为28天,继续4天have regular period every 28 days that lasted 4 days
月经周期为28天have menstrual cycles of 28 days
月经开始不规则,并且长期无月经began to have menstrual irregularities with long period of amenorrhea
月经未曾失常have no previous menstrual aberrations
周期变成不定interval became variable
比平常多heavier than usual
发觉到月经持续不断并且过多noted persistent excessive menstrual flow
月经不来menses did not occur
停经已4年be 4 years postmenopausal
在46岁时停经passed(underwent;went through)the menopause at age 46
多量(块状,厚多)阴道出血加多,有几个月之久increasingly profuse (massive,frank)vaginal bleeding of several months duration.
月经过多,并且流出血块experience(develop)menorrhagia with passage of clots
有些轻微、无痛性阴道出血some slight painless vaginal bleeding
发觉经期外和性交后出血noted intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding
分泌少量厚汁物质drained a small amount of purulent material
间歇性的剧烈下腹痛intermittent,sharp,lower abdominal pains
她于13岁开始有正常的月经,周期为28~32天,有轻度的月经痛。
She began to menstruate regularly at 13 at intervals of 28~32 days with slight dysmenorrheal.
月经痛性而不规则,大约一个月发生2次。
The menstrual periods were painful and irregular,occurring approximately twice monthly.
医学英语口语表达:护理英语80句
.Receiving the patient(接待病人)
do you do?/ Good morning!您好!(初次见面时使用)/早上好!
can I do for you?/Can I help you?您需要我帮助吗?
'll bring you to your bedside, please follow me. This is your bed……
我要领您到床边去.请跟我来.这是您的床位.
toilet is over there.卫生间在那边
supply hot water.我们供应热水
wait a moment. I'll let your doctor know. /I'll inform your doctor.请等一会儿,我去通知医生.
is the nurse /doctor in charge of you.玛丽是您的负责护士/医生
let us know if you need any help.您需要帮助时,请告诉我们.
is not allowed here.这里不允许吸烟
二.information collection(收集信息)
you mind if I ask you a few questions?您介意我问您几个问题吗?
need some information from you.我们需要从您这儿收集一些信息.
your tummy still sore?您的肚子还疼吗?
your pain come on after or before meals?您的疼痛是在饭前还是饭后发作?
it hurt to pass urine?/when I press here?排尿时痛吗?/当我按压这儿时痛吗?
your back ache?您的后背痛吗?
your feet swell?您的脚肿了吗?
you have a cough/fever?您咳嗽吗?/您有发热吗?
you bring up any sputum?您咳痰吗?
there any radiation of the pain ?(to the shoulder)有放射(到肩部的)痛吗?
long have you had the pain?您的痛有多长时间了?
did the pain start?/where is your pain?疼痛从什么时候开始的/什么地方疼痛?
your periods regular?您的月经规则吗?
三.Physical examination(查体)
you please undress for medical examination?请您脱下衣服做体检好吗?
off your clothes, please.请把衣服脱下来
down on the couch, please./Just lie still on the couch and relax.请躺在治疗床上./请安静地躺在治疗床上,放松.
your knees, please.请屈膝.
your mouth and say 'ah“张开口,说:啊
deeply, please./take a deep breath, please.请深呼吸
I examine your tummy, please?我要检查下您的肚子,好吗?
up your sleeves, please.请卷起袖子.
四.communication.(交流)
am going to take your temperature./Please put the thermometer under your armpit.我要测一下您的体温/请把体温计放在您的腋下.
me feel your pulse.让我测一下您的脉搏.
'll test/take your blood pressure.我要测量您的血压.
34. I'm afraid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood sugar level.我要取一滴指血做血糖测定,需要刺一下手指.
'll take some blood from your arm now.现在我要从您的胳膊抽血.
't take any thing by mouth after midnight until the blood is drawn tomorrow morning .半夜之后不要吃喝任何东西,明天早上抽血.
bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum./ please collect your mid-stream specimen of urine.请留一份尿/便/痰的标本/请收集您的中段尿.
have your blood and urine tests done.请做一下您的血和尿试验.
are going to have a CT-scan of your chest/head today.今天您要做一个胸部/头部CT.
are going to have a chest X-ray this morning.今天早上您要拍一个胸片.
are going to have a B-mode ultrasonic exam. Please keep your bladder full.您要做B超检查,请留尿,使膀胱充盈.
are going to have an gastric endoscopy tomorrow morning. please don't eat or drink
anything after 12 o'clock tonight.明天上午您要做胃镜检查,今晚12点之后,请不要吃喝任何东西。
are going to have urine catheterization now.现在您需要导尿.
'm going to do an ECG for you.我要给您做心电图.
'm going to put a gastric tube into your stomach, this is for gastrointestinal decompression.我要放胃管到您的胃内,这是胃肠减压.
We can feed you the necessary nutrients through the tube. Please swallow the tube as I put it down.我们通过胃管给您必要的营养.当我放管时,请做吞咽动作.
'm going to make your bed./ we'll change the bed linen at once.我要给您整理床铺/我们马上给您换床单.
'll apply a cold(hot)compress to your ankle.我要给您的踝部冷/热敷
operation will be done tomorrow/ an emergency operation must be done now.
Will you please sign to give your permission for your operation?明天将做手术/现在马上做急诊手术.同意手术请您签字好吗?
'm going to shave your skin. / I'm going to do skin preparation for you.我要给您做备皮/我要给您做皮肤准备。
're going to have a local/general/epidural anaesthesia.要给您做局麻/全身麻醉/硬膜外麻醉.
you allergic to any medication?/ penicillin?您对什么药物/青霉素过敏吗?
52. I'm going to do a skin test of pennicillin for you./ If you feel itchy or short of breath, please let me know at once. I'll see the result in fifteen minutes. /I'm going to do a tetanus hypersensitive test for you.我要给您做青霉素皮试.如果您感到痒或气短,请立刻告诉我./我十五分钟后看结果./我要给您做破伤风皮试.
'm going to give you an intramuscular injection./intravenous infusion/hypodermic injection.我要给您做肌肉/静脉/皮内注射
'm going to give you an enema to help you pass motion.我要给您灌肠,帮助您排便
doctor will change your dressing. /The doctor will remove your stitches.医生要给您换药/医生要给您拆线.
'm going to give you oxygen now.我要给您吸氧
'm going to give you nebulization.我要给您(雾化)吸入.
58. I'm going to do bladder irrigation for you.我要给您做膀胱冲洗
have to rest in bed for at least one week您至少要卧床休息一周.
are you today? How was your sleep last night? How is your appetite?您今天怎么样?您昨晚睡得怎么样?您的食欲怎么样?
you pass motion yesterday?/Are your bowel movements normal?昨天您排便了吗?/您的大便正常吗?
color of your urine?您的尿液什么颜色?
much urine do you pass each time?您每次排尿多少?
will have skin/cervical traction.要给您做皮肤/颈部牵引
65. Take more exercises./Do some light work, have a happy outlook, avoid excitement and too much worry. Be careful not to stumble.
多做锻炼/做一些轻体力活动,保持良好的心态,避免兴奋和过度忧虑,小心不要摔倒
are going to have a blood transfusion.要给您输血
results are normal.结果正常
are suffering from ~/Your disease was diagnosed as ~您的病诊断为~
have to stop smoking and alcohol.您必须戒烟、戒酒
五.about medication and nutrition(关于药物和营养)
two tablets three times a day after/before food.饭前/饭后服,每日三次,每次两粒.
the medicine with a lot of water.服用此药,要多饮水.
'll give you an injection twice a day.我要给您注射,每日两次.
medicine is used for preventing infection/treating infection/relieving your pain/protecting your stomach/supplying nutrients/ bringing down your temperature/ intracranial pressure/stopping bleeding/
这种药是为了预防感染/治疗感染/减轻疼痛/保护您的胃/提供营养/降低体温/降低颅内压/停止出血
should have a low fat/ low salt/ light diet/high caloric diet/high protein/soft diet/liquid food.
您的进食应该是低脂/低盐/轻淡/高热量/高蛋白/软食/流食的食物
take some more nourishing food.请食营养多的食物.
六.comforting(安慰)
mind/It doesn't matter没关系
't worry不要担心
't be nervous. You are in good hands.不要紧张,操作者是高手
will recover soon.您很快就会康复的
come back to see the doctor for check-up in two weeks.请两周后来看医生复查
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小燕子an
医学论文翻译一般较多的是医学论文的摘要翻译,即把医学论文的摘要翻译成英文,在国外期刊上发表都会要求整篇论文翻译成英文。一、在相关专业医学论文翻译中,要达到表意准确,必须了解相关领域的知识,熟练掌握同一概念的中英文表达法。单纯靠对语言的把握也能传达双方的语言信息,但在运用语言的灵活性和准确性两方而部会受到很大限制。要解决这个问题,译者就要努力熟悉这个领域的相关知识,比如,因此了解相关领域知识,在翻译过程中对翻译人员的语言理解力和医学论文翻译质量都有很大帮助。二、医学论文翻译的翻译标准。医学论文翻译标准是翻译实践的准绳和衡量译文好坏的尺度。关于翻译的标准,历来提法很多。有的主张“信、达、雅”,有的主张“信、顺”等等。但有一点是共同的,即一切译文都应包括原文思想内容和译文语言形式这两方面。>为此,在进行医学论文翻译时应坚持两条标准:>(一)忠实。应忠实于原内容,准确地、完整地、科学地表达原文的内容不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏或任意增删的现象。内容通常指文中所叙述的事实,说明的事理,作者在叙述、说明和描写过程中所反映的思想、观点、立场和所流露的感情等。>(二)通顺。医学论文翻译语言必须通顺易懂,符合规范,用词造句应符合本族语的习惯,要用民族的、科学的、大众的语言,以求通顺易懂。不应有文理不通、结构混乱、逐词死译和生硬晦涩等现象。三、过程中要体现语言结构特色(一)词汇上的特点1. 词义演变。医学论文翻译的专业词汇通常都出现在特定领域,它一般分为两类:一类是某一专业特有的词汇,这类词汇一般具有一词对应一义的特点;还有一类由普通词汇演变而来的专业词汇,这类词汇一词多义,必须应用语言学知识和专业知识综合分析,在翻译实践中不断丰富扩大。2. 词缀。比如:从词源学的角度来看,在医学英语词汇中,希腊语、拉丁语的词素占有极高比率。据Oscar 的统计,一万个医学词汇约有46%来自拉丁语;来自希腊语,希腊、拉丁词素是医学英语词汇的重要基础。希腊语、拉丁语拥有极丰富的词缀,且每个词缀都有其固定意义,可与不同的词干组成无数新词。3. 动词多使用规范的书面语。英语词汇从语体的特点来分,可分为普通词汇和正式词汇。普通词汇大部分是英语本族语,常用于英语口语和文学作品中,正式词汇大部分是外来词,常用于科技、经济、政治等较正式的文章中。(二)大量使用名词化结构1. 医学论文中大量使用名词化结构 (Nominalization)是医学论文翻译的特点之一,因为文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实,而非某一行为。2. 大量使用长句和定语从句医学论文翻译中大量使用长句和定语从句,在论证上起到连接信息和强调信息的作用。3. 名词作定语和缩写词使用频繁。医学论文翻译中要求行文简炼、结构紧凑,名词作定语和缩写词的频繁使用,简化了句型,增大了信息密度。4. 广泛使用被动语态。医学论文中侧重叙事推理,强调客观准确,第一、二人称使用过多,会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述,采用被动语态。四、医学论义翻译的翻译方法。医学论义翻译要提高翻译量,使译文达到准确、通顺这两个标准,就必须运用医学论文翻译技巧。医学论文翻译技巧指翻译过程中用词造句的处理方法,如词义的引申、增减、词类转换和领域术语的翻译方法等。(一)引申法。医学论文翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,会使医学论文翻译生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至造成误解。这时则可以在不脱离该英语词义的前提下,灵活选择怡当的汉语词语或词组译出。(二)增词译。由于英汉两种语言在词语用法、句子结构和表达方式上有许多差异,医学论文翻译时往往需要增加一些原文中没有的词,使译文通顺而且更加忠实地表达原文的意思。增词译的情况有两种。一种是根据意义或修辞的需要,如增加表示时态意义的词,增加英语不及物动词隐含的宾语意义的词。另一种是根据句法上的需要,增加原文句子中所省略的词。(三)省略译。省略译是将原文中的宥些词省略不译,以使译文符合语言习惯。(四)词类转换英译汉时,常常需要将英语句子中属于某种词类的词,译成另一种词类的汉语词,以使译文通顺自然,符合汉语的表达习惯。这种翻译处理方法就是转换词性法,简称词类转换。(五)领域专业术语的译法。医学论文翻译中有大量的术语,而且科学性、专业性很强。领域专业术语的译法有意译、音译、象形译和原形译四种。总之,医学论文的翻译需要专业的医学学科知识和大量对学术名词的积累。希望能帮到你,也可以自己去找相关的机构帮你
一佛爷一
以下是整理的《精选医学英语口语短文翻译》,希望大家喜欢! the most enduring --- certainly the most quoted --- tradition in the history of medicine is the Hippocratic Oath. Named after the famous Greek physician Hippocrates, this oath was written as a guideline for the medical ethics of doctors. Although the exact words have changed over time, the general content is the same - an oath to respect those who have imparted their knowledge upon the science of medicine, and respect to the patients as well as the promise to treat them to the best of the physicians' ability. 或许在医学最持久的,被引用最多次的誓言就是”希波克拉底誓言”.这个以古希腊医师希波克拉底命名的誓言,被作为医师道德伦理的指导纲领.虽然随着时代的变迁,准确的文字已不可考,但誓言的主旨却始终如一——尊敬那些将毕生知识奉献于医学科学的人,尊重病人,尊重医师尽己所能治愈病人的承诺。 Who was Hippocrates, and Did he Write the Oath? a man considered by many to be the 'Father of Medicine', little is known about Hippocrates of Cos. He lived circa 460-380 BC, and was the contemporary of Socrates as well as a practising physician. He was certainly held to be the most famous physician and teacher of medicine in his time. Over 60 treatises of medicine, called the Hippocratic Corpus have been attributed to him; however, these treatises had conflicting contents and were written some time between 510 and 300 BC, and therefore could not all have been written by him. 作为被大家公认的”医学之父”,我们对希波克拉底知之甚少.他生活于约公元前460-380年,作为一名职业医师,与苏格拉底是同代人.在他的时代,他被推举为当时最的医师和医学教育者.收录了超过60篇论文的专著——希波克拉底文集,被归于他的名下;但是其中有些论文的内容主旨相冲突,并成文于公元前510-300年,所以不可能都是出自他之手. Oath was named after Hippocrates, certainly, although its penmanship is still in question. According to authorities in medical history, the contents of the oath suggest that it was penned during the 4th Century BC, which makes it possible that Hippocrates had himself written it. Anyway, regardless of whether or not Hippocrates himself had written the Hippocratic Oath, the contents of the oath reflect his views on medical ethics. 这个宣言是以希波克拉底命名的,虽然它的作者依然存在疑问。根据医学历史的看法,这个宣言的内容是在公元前四世纪起草的,这使希波克拉底自己起草这个宣言成为可能。无论如何,不管是否是希波克拉底自己起草的(希波克拉底宣言),这个宣言的内容都反映了他在医学伦理上的看法。 From Medical Ideal to Standard Ethics Guidelines Hippocratic Oath was not very well received when it was first penned, being a representation of only a minor segment of Greek opinion at the time. However, by the end of ancient times, physicians began conforming to the conditions of the oath. It is possible that when scientific medicine suffered a gross decline after the fall of the Roman Empire, this oath, along with the dictates of Hippocratic medicine, was all but forgotten in the West. It was through the perseverance of the spirit of inquiry in the East that the tenets of Hippocratic medicine - and the Hippocratic Oath - survived this period of deterioration, notably through the writings of Arabian authorities in medicine. The knowledge of Greek medicine was later revived in the Christian West through the Latin translations of both these Arabic works and the original Greek texts. 作为代表当时希腊观点的一小部分,希波克拉底誓言首次被写时并没有受到很好的欢迎。然而,在那远古时代结束时,医生们开始遵循誓言的条款。当科学医学在罗马帝国衰亡后遭受一显而易见的衰退时,这个誓言,连同希波克拉底医学的指示命令,在西方都几乎被遗忘是有可能的。正是通过东方坚持不懈的探索精神,使得希波克拉底医学信念和希波克拉底宣言得以在这一恶化的时期幸存下来,尤其是通过阿拉伯*在医学上的著作。希腊医学知识而后在西方基督教复活是通过了阿拉伯文论著和原始希腊文的拉丁文翻译。
Objective: Through the study of animal experiments to observe the United Yishen
同医学专业,室友分享给我的一个翻译网站,感觉还可,网站名字叫翻译狗,平时刷文献就靠他了,以前看一篇文献,光是翻译就要花上好久,等翻完了,完全没动力去看文献内容,
我觉得要是不想当医生的话,那么还是可以考公务员这些的,毕竟现在的公务员也是非常的吃香,那么考公务员也是一个不错的选择。 医学专业是如今比较热门的专业,录取分数也
对于不少医学工作者来说,发表医学论文其中一个难题就是翻译。由于英文水平的不足,医学工作者在翻译过程中常常遇到困境。今天我们就来谈谈医学论文翻译技巧,希望对各位同
对于不少医学工作者来说,发表医学论文其中一个难题就是翻译。由于英文水平的不足,医学工作者在翻译过程中常常遇到困境。今天我们就来谈谈医学论文翻译技巧,希望对各位同