流行病与公共卫生论文

The first is to ensure that no ingestion of contaminated food and water. Especially drinking water, areas where conditions permit local authorities to obtain drinking water disinfection tablets, boiling and then drinking after , avoid sharing towels, utensils, and wash water. Tableware used as boiling water disinfection 3 .Third, garbage and feces as far as possible away from the hedge, the same time not to dispose of the water nearby. Regions where conditions permit, you can use bleaching powder for disinfection of the surrounding environment. Of the stagnant water breeding mosquitoes, can Dichlorvos for disinfection. At the same time, you can put in some rodent bait, to prevent the spread of diseases caused by rats. 4 . a hedge to be seen around the bodies of animals and to stay away from hedge to deep water sources, and has been corruption, the best and then burned deep. 5 . a positive commitment to prevention function is found around the family, friends, infectious disease symptoms appear, the timely reporting of health and epidemic prevention departments. 6. good and the right attitude. Earthquake prone to outbreaks of infectious diseases, and even high, but as long as the correct way to take pro-active prevention, large-scale infectious disease is not likely to appear large, is entirely preventable; around family and other small emerging infectious diseases, as long as the treatment of in a timely manner, it will not cause pop, so do not be too nervous.

社区试验中的干预措施 为了对某种预防措施或方法进行考核或评价，以社区中的整个人群作为研究对象。这一研究与现场试验的区别是，社区试验接受干预的基本单位是整个社区，或某一人群的各个亚人群，如某学校的班级、某城市的街道等，而现场试验接受干预的基本单位是个人。 举例：进行食盐中加碘预防甲状腺肿的效果评价。选择食盐中加碘与未加碘的两个县观察甲状腺肿的发生情况。结果：食盐中未加碘县的甲状腺肿发病率显著高于食盐中加碘县的发病率，说明食盐中加碘可预防甲状腺肿的发生。 尽管社区试验是现场试验的一种扩展，但有些干预措施则不适合于现场试验。如食盐中加碘预防甲状腺肿，由于这一干预措施是将碘统一加入食盐中使整个人群食用，而不是分别授予每一个体，故只能进行社区试验。社区试验中的干预措施在许多情况下是全人群中施行的某种预防措施。