与黑猫有关论文参考文献

"The Black Cat" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in the August 19, 1843, edition of The Saturday Evening Post. It is a study of the psychology of guilt, often paired in analysis with Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart".[1] In both, a murderer carefully conceals his crime and believes himself unassailable, but eventually breaks down and reveals himself, impelled by a nagging reminder of his guilt. The story is presented as a first-person narrative using an unreliable narrator. The narrator tells us that from an early age he has loved animals. He and his wife have many pets, including a large black cat named Pluto. This cat is especially fond of the narrator and vice versa. Their mutual friendship lasts for several years, until the narrator becomes an alcoholic. One night, after coming home intoxicated, he believes the cat is avoiding him. When he tries to seize it, the panicked cat bites the narrator, and in a fit of rage, he seizes the animal, pulls a pen-knife from his pocket, and deliberately gouges out the cat's that moment onward, the cat flees in terror at his master's approach. At first, the narrator is remorseful and regrets his cruelty. "But this feeling soon gave place to irritation. And then came, as if to my final and irrevocable overthrow, the spirit of PERVERSENESS." He takes the cat out in the garden one morning and hangs it from a tree, where it dies. That very night, his house mysteriously catches on fire forcing the narrator, his wife and their servant to next day, the narrator returns to the ruins of his home to find, imprinted on the single wall that survived the fire, the figure of a gigantic cat, hanging by its neck from a first, this image terrifies the narrator, but gradually he determines a logical explanation for it, that someone outside had thrown the dead cat into the bedroom to wake him up during the fire, and begins to miss Pluto. Some time later, he finds a similar cat in a tavern. It is the same size and color as the original and is even missing an eye. The only difference is a large white patch on the animal's chest. The narrator takes it home, but soon begins to loathe, even fear the creature. After a time, the white patch of fur begins to take shape and, to the narrator, forms the shape of the , one day when the narrator and his wife are visiting the cellar in their new home, the cat gets under its master's feet and nearly trips him down the stairs. In a fury, the man grabs an axe and tries to kill the cat but is stopped by his wife. Enraged, he kills her with the axe instead. To conceal her body he removes bricks from a protrusion in the wall, places her body there, and repairs the hole. When the police came to investigate, they find nothing and the narrator goes free. The cat, which he intended to kill as well, has gone the last day of the investigation, the narrator accompanies the police into the cellar. There, completely confident in his own safety, the narrator comments on the sturdiness of the building and raps upon the wall he had built around his wife's body. A wailing sound fills the room. The alarmed police tear down the wall and find the wife's corpse, and on her head, to the horror of the narrator, is the screeching black cat. As he words it: "I had walled the monster up within the tomb!" Like the narrator in Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart", the narrator of "The Black Cat" has questionable sanity. Near the beginning of the tale, the narrator says he would be "mad indeed" if he should expect a reader to believe the story, implying that he has already been accused of madness.[2]One of Poe's darkest tales, "The Black Cat" includes his strongest denouncement of alcohol. The narrator's perverse actions are brought on by his alcoholism, a "disease" and "fiend" which also destroys his personality.[3] The use of the black cat evokes various superstitions, including the idea voiced by the narrator's wife that they are all witches in disguise. The titular cat is named Pluto after the Roman god of the Underworld. Publication history"The Black Cat" was first published in the August 19, 1843 issue of The Saturday Evening Post. At the time, the publication was using the temporary title United States Saturday Post.[4] Readers immediately responded favorably to the story, spawning parodies including Thomas Dunn English's "The Ghost of the Grey Tadpole".[5][edit] Adaptations [edit] In film "The Black Cat" was adapted into a film starring Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff in 1934 and another with Lugosi and Basil Rathbone in 1941, although neither version bears much resemblance to the original story.[5] Many other adaptations exist but the most faithful to the original is the middle segment of Roger Corman's trilogy film Tales of Terror in 1962.[5] Although the overall film was cast with Vincent Price as the lead, in this segment, he was in a supporting role with Peter Lorre as the main character. The 1934 film Maniac also loosely adapts the story. This version follows a former vaudeville actor who kills a doctor and takes the doctor's place to hide his crime. "The Black Cat" was also adapted into a film of the same name by Italian horror director Lucio Fulci in 1981. Film director Dario Argento presented his own loose adaptation of the story in the 1990 anthology film Two Evil Eyes.[edit] In television "The Black Cat" is the eleventh episode of the second season of Masters of Horror. The plot essentially retells the short story in a semi-autobiographical manner, with Poe himself undergoing a series of events involving a black cat which he used to inspire the story of the same name.[edit] Recordings In 1997, a compilation of Poe's work was released on a double CD entitled Closed on Account of Rabies, with various celebrities lending their voices to the tales. The Black Cat was read by avant-garde performer Diamanda Galás.[edit] References in literary works In 1970, Czech writer Ludvík Vaculík made many references to "A Descent into the Maelstr�0�2m" as well as "The Black Cat" in his novel The Guinea Pigs.[edit] References in art In 1910-11 Futurist artist Gino Severini painted "The Black Cat" in direct reference to Poe's short story. An illustration and description can be found at this site

《The Melancholy of Suzumiya Haruhi》-《凉宫春日的忧郁》 （1） A far from ordinary school story starts here! This is a story of Suzumiya Haruhi, who upon enrollment at school announced, "I have no interest in ordinary humans. If there are any aliens, beings from the future, sliders， or super-humans, come see me. That is all!" Naturally, any normal person would think "What the...?!" but Haruhi is dead serious. Things get crazy when everyone realizes just how serious she is about it all and establishes the "SOS Dan". Suzumiya Haruhi is a good-looking high school girl who has a clear head, naughty personality and very egocentric thought. She has an unimaginably tremendous power to change the world, but she is totally unaware of her own power and so she is also unaware of the effect of her power on the outside world. A delightfully strange, yet marvelously interesting story! 一个远离普通学校的故事在这里开始！ 这是一个关于凉宫春日的故事 ，她在学校入学时宣布， "我对普通人没有兴趣，如果你们之中有宇宙人，未来人，异世界人，超能力者，尽管来找我吧，以上！" 当然，任何正常的人都会认为"什么...?!" 但春日已“死”得严重。 当大家意识到她的一切事件如同疯了的严重时，她成立了" SOS团" 。 她有一种无法想象的巨大的力量来改变这个世界，但她完全不知道她自己的能力，所以她也是不知道她的能力对外部世界的的影响。 这是一个欣喜得奇怪，但神奇有趣的故事！ （2） "The Melancholy of Suzumiya Haruhiis" a story about a high-school freshman, Suzumiya Haruhi, and those who are caught up in her antics. On the first day of school, she introduced herself in a bizarre way. "From East Middle School, Suzumiya Haruhi. I have no interest in ordinary humans. If there are any aliens, time travelers, sliders, or espers here.. come join me. That is all!" Her classmates wondered whether she was serious or just kidding around. Kyon, a fellow freshman who sits in front of Haruhi, was interested in her because of her strange introduction. Little by little, he tried to talk to her, but Haruhi's answers would always be "Shut up!" "Moron!" "Be quiet!" "Who cares about that!?". However, as the days went by, Kyon becomes the first ever to talk normally with Haruhi and eventually inspired her to form the SOS Brigade which sole purpose is to find aliens,sliders, time travelers and espers, and have fun with them. 《凉宫春日的忧郁》是一个故事关于一所高中一年级的学生凉宫春日和那些被她发现的“奇人” 。 上高中的第一天，她还一个奇特的方式介绍了自己。 "毕业于东国中， 我的名字是凉宫春日，我对普通人没有兴趣，如果你们之中有宇宙人，未来人，异世界人，超能力者，尽管来找我吧，以上！" 她的同学不知道她的严重或只是开玩笑。阿虚 ，坐在前面春日的一大“研究员”，有兴趣她，因为她的奇怪介绍对她有兴趣。一点点，他试图对她说话，但春日的答案永远是"闭嘴" ！ "废柴！" ！ "肃静" ！ "谁会关心！ ？ " 。然而，随着时间一天天过去， 阿虚成为有史以来第一次经常与春日谈话的人，并最终激发了她成立" SOS团"，其中的唯一目的就是要找到宇宙人，未来人，异世界人，超能力者，并和它们一起玩。 anime=Japanese animation 多指日本动漫 anime music video=AMV 复数AMVs... anime seasons 季 cartoon 卡通,一般指欧美动画片 chibi Q版人物 comic 漫画,不包括日本漫画,属此类的一般有向美国MARVEL的超人,蝙蝠侠之类 cosplay=costume play 角色扮演,衍生cos(动词), cosplayer(玩cosplay者) doujinshi 同人志 ED=ending 片尾曲 fansubs 字幕组 J-pop=Japanese Pop 受到西方影响的日本流行音乐 =Japanese popular music lolicon 萝莉控 manga=Japanese comic 日本漫画 mangaka 漫画家,多指日本漫画家 mecha 机械(动漫/漫画类型) one-shots=short story 只有一章的漫画短篇 OP=opening 片头曲 OST=original sound track 动漫原声集 otaku=fanatic 御宅族,指对动漫,游戏等有狂热者... OVA=original video animation 原创动画录影带 OAV=original anime video 同上 raw 未经修改的原版,如直接录制的节目和直接扫描的漫画等等 terminology 术语,如漫画家自行想象出来的一些武器等 White Day 白色情人节 romanji 日文的罗马发音(方便外国人的...) scanlation 在网络上免费发布的翻译后的漫画,作用与fansub相似 不明白你说的句子的什么意思,就按我的理解了... Code Geass (反叛的鲁路修) The world won't change in pretty words alone. - Charles (鲁路修他爸...) I was dead until the moment I met you. I was powerless corpse pretending to be alive. Livin' without power, without the ability to change my course, was akin to a slow death. - Lelouch Lamperouge (鲁路修) ------- Black Cat (黑猫) I've come to deliver some bad luck! - Train Heartnet (托雷) ------- Evangelion (EVA) You're thinking in Japanese! If you must think, do it in German! - Asuka Langley Soryu (明日香) Survivability takes priority. - Misato Katsurag (葛城美里) Man fears the darkness, and so he scrapes away at the edges of it with fire. - Rei Ayanami (绫波丽) ------- Bleach (死神) Because we are amorphous. We hold them in reverence - Volume 1 (第一册...) People are able to hold unto hope, since death is that which cannot be seen. - Volume 2 (同上) If I were the rain, could I connect with someone's heart, as the rain could connect the enternally seperated earth and sky. - Volume 3 We come together like drops of water, like astral bodies. We oppose each other like magnets, like the colors of skin. - Volume 4 Unless I grip the sword I cannot protect you, while gripping the sword I cannot embrace you. - Volume 5 Yes, we have no destiny. Only those swallowed up by ignorance and fear, who take false steps shall plunge us into the muddy waters called destiny. - Volume 6 ------- Death Note A heart warming scene from the most un fortunate family in the world - Ryuk (流克) You may call me whatever you wish - but I'm taking your cake. - L Sitting normally reduces my powers of deduction by 40%. - L Light: "Then one day people will realize that 'doing this will get me killed', and I will build a world of the kind-hearted people only I can accept." Ryuk: "Then you'll be the only bastard left." Light: "What are you talking about, Ryuk? You could say I'm Japan's number one honour student." - Light (月) and Ryuk ------- Full Metal Alchemist (钢之炼金术师) I am going to get stronger, both emotionally and at fighting! ...and drink as much...milk...as I can... - Ed (爱德华...) ------- XXXholic Sincerity and determination...No matter what a person wants to attempt,those are needed. - Yuuko Ichihara (壹原侑子) Anime is animation in Japan and considered Japanese animation in the rest of the world. Anime dates from about 1917. Anime in Japan is popular among a small community and is now viewed throughout the world. Anime itself is considered a form of limited animation. Anime can be broadcast either through television or released directly to video, which are often called OVAs or OAV (Original Animation Video). Anime can be hand drawn or computer-assisted. It is used in television series, films, video, video games, commercials, and internet-based releases, and represents all genres of fiction. 别处载来的，有可能不符合你要求

马路小吃摊现象的实际观察和经济分析 -- 一个经济学的案例研究 高校宿舍区外小商贩摆摊早已是一个非常普遍的现象。对这些小商贩，有关各方想尽千方百计加以消灭，可是屡战屡败，那些小商贩却"野火烧不尽，春风吹又生"，而且生意十分兴隆。为什么会出现这种现象？这种现象怎么会长期存在？本文通过作者本人在复旦大学东区门外的实际调查并利用经济博弈论对此进行分析。 一、马路小吃摊现象的描述 近年来，随着高校招生人数的增长和大学生整体消费水平的提高，复旦大学宿舍区外的夜宵市场生意火爆。每当夜幕降临，特别是21点至23点之间①的高峰阶段，东区门外的国定路两旁都会有十几家小商贩设摊，供应的夜宵品种非常丰富，几乎汇聚了全国各地的风味小吃。夜宵的单价一般在1－3元之间，非常适合学生族消费。这些小吃摊对于路两侧的"旦苑餐厅"、"老巷美食"和一些超市简直是一个沉重的打击。不仅仅是由于逃税形成的价格优势，更重要的是时间优势，因为学生不需要浪费很多时间用于排队等候②。由于小吃摊的激烈竞争，旦苑、"老巷"和超市在夜宵市场上的份额很小。 二、马路小吃摊现象的成因--高额利润的驱动 为什么会出现这种现象？答案很简单，存在高额利润。小商贩能够在夜宵市场上"百折不挠"的动力就在于此。夜宵市场的自然形成和发育是小贩们在发家致富道路上的创造，是自由经济权利的确立和运用，是小贩们寻利行为的必然结果，它完全符合市场和市场经济的发展规律。 三、夜宵市场的博弈分析 （一） 小贩与"黑猫"（警察）的博弈 （二） 学生与旦苑的博弈 四、马路小吃摊问题的解决 从上面的经济学分析可以看到，这个问题长期悬而未决的原因是比较复杂的。有几种解决方案：第一种是抑制需求，即采用征收消费税的方法；第二种是受益者支付垄断租金。但是实践证明这两种方法都是行不通的。首先，对学生征税的主体很难明确（究竟是税务局还是学校），而且也会遭到广大学生的反对；其次，支付租金相当于垄断利润的转移，转移的比例很难确定，结果会产生受益者与打击者无休止的讨价还价，而且从以上的分析可以看出，这种办法只会降低市场效率。因此，很多人认为还是维持现状比较好。 五、结论和意义 在市场化的过程中，由于政府行为与（小贩）个人行为有三种不同的结合方式，市场化也有三条不同的道路，其结果也就大不相同。 第一种，如果市场的形成和发育没有经济行为主体追求自身利益的自发行动，而只是政府官员的一厢情愿和单独行动，那么，政府行为就具有了非政府行为的内容和反市场行为的性质，其结果是破坏了市场发育的基础，造成市场化过程的逆转和倒退。 第二种，如果市场的形成和发育只是经济行为人追求自身利益的自发行动，而无真正的政府行为的介入和作用，没有政府提供的服务和作出的安排，虽然市场化的方向不会偏离，但是，其发展的速度较慢，其缺失的方面也难以弥补。 第三种，如果市场的发育和形成，既有经济个体的自发行动，又有政府因应自然趋势的有效规范和强力推动，不仅市场化的方向会得到坚持，其进程也会大大加速。国年路菜市场的发展就是证明。 注释： ①学生一般此时从自修教室返回寝室，由于晚饭时间一般为4点30分至6点，经过3个小时左右的自修，此时大都饥肠辘辘． ②这一点在寒冷的冬天非常明显。据说那位卖蛋饼的小贩做一个蛋饼用时不到30秒。 ③这个假设纯粹是为了分析的方便，实际上小商贩被抓时不会损失全部的产品，有逃脱的可能性。有充分理由相信小商贩们是经过理性选择的。 不可这样理解警察没有动力去抓这些"非法"小商贩，比如国年路的小商品市场。 ⑥导使 察后两者的市场份额比较小?老巷和超市的夜宵价格一般比较高，比如肉包，旦苑卖元/个，联华超市却卖到元/个。 ⑦2000年夏，旦苑食物集体中毒事件就是一个例证。尽管自2000年秋季开学以来，进行了一番整顿，但卫生状况令人堪忧。 参考文献： （1） 谢识予，1997：《经济博弈论》，复旦大学出版社，1997； （2） 谢识予，《经济研究》（1997年第8期）《假冒伪劣现象的经济学分析》； （3） 艾德加·法伊格，1993：《地下经济学》，上海三联书店，郑介甫等译； （4） 埃米莉·查姆丽-莱特：《非洲本地的制度和经济成本》选自《发展经济学的革命》，上海三联书店，黄祖辉 蒋文华主译． （5） 张曙光，《政府、农民和市场--山东惠民"大市场"要灭"小"市场与浙江义乌小市场变成大市场案例的比较和分析》

这个可以帮忙的，要求多少字呢