英语论文开头怎么写
英语论文开头怎么写,大家都知道万事开头难，写论文的时候也是一样，写一个好的开头就意味着你可以顺利的写下去了，对于不少人而言英文论文的难度比中文论文的难度更大，下面我带大家简单了解一下英语论文开头怎么写。
一篇
文章的第一段左右通常是整个文章的最重要的部分得到“just right”。它不仅是一个机会，抓住读者的注意力，同时也有机会来设置文章的其余议程，语气和内容的条款。严格地说，没有单一的“right”的方式开始了一篇文章，只是因为它有可能写了无数主题的文章，所以也有可能开始在很多方面的文章。然而，大多数好的开端，以散文分享一定的素质，如果考虑进去，可以大大提高可另外缺乏的文章前奏。请参见下面的步骤1开始！
为你的文章铺设路线图
1、启动带有引人注目的一句话。 当你的文章可能（或者，诚然，可以不）是有趣的你，作家，它不一定有趣的读者。读者，总的来说，是关于他们所读内容有点挑剔，他们做了什么没有。如果一件作品不会立刻吸引他们的注意力在第一段，有一个很好的机会，他们不会懒得看它的其余部分。正因为如此，它往往是开始的作文与从一开始就命令读者注意一个句子一个好主意。只要这第一句话就是逻辑连接到文章的其他部分，有一个在成为引人注目的右出了大门没有羞耻。
您可能要开始一个迷人，鲜为人知的事实和统计抓住读者的注意力。举例来说，如果你在儿童肥胖的危险与日俱增全世界写一篇文章，你可能会这样开始："Contrary to the popular idea that childhood obesity is only a problem for rich, pampered Westerners, the WHO reports that in 2012, over 30% of preschool-age children in developing countries were overweight or obese、"在另一方面，如果它适合你的文章更具逻辑性，你可能要启动一个特别扣人心弦的图像或描述。关于暑假的文章，你可能会这样开始： "When I felt the Costa Rican sun filtering through the jungle canopy and heard the sound of howler monkeys far off in the distance, I knew that I had found someplace very special、"
2、让你的读者进入你的文章的“meat” 。一个伟大的第一句话可以吸引读者的注意力，但是如果你不把读者拉进你的文章里，她还是会很容易失去兴趣。按照你的第一句话，一个句子或两个逻辑连接的注意抓住“钩”在第一句中的其余部分作为一个整体。通常，这些句子将在第一个句子的狭窄范围内扩展，将特定的快照放在一些更大的上下文中。
例如，在你的肥胖文章中，你可能会遵循如下第一句话：“In fact, childhood obesity is a growing problem that is increasingly affecting rich and poor countries alike、”这句话解释了第一句中所描述的问题的'紧迫性，并给出了更广泛的内容。
为你的假期的文章，你可能会跟你这样的第一句话是： "I was deep in the jungles of Tortuguero National Park, and I was lost in more ways than one、" 这句话告诉读者在第一句的意象从哪里来，带领读者走进其余的文章嘲笑它最终将被揭示的旁白是“lost”。
3、告诉读者你的文章是什么 。大多数时候，文章不是纯粹的描述-他们不存在完全告诉你什么是基本的，事实上。通常情况下，他们有一个特定的目的以外的。这几乎可以是任何东西。这篇文章可能是为了改变读者对某个主题的想法，说服读者采取行动，为某个不被很好理解的事情，或者简单地讲述一个令人深思的故事。在任何情况下，第一段的基本目的是要告诉读者什么是文章的目的是。这样，读者就可以快速选择是否继续到其余的文章或不。
在你的肥胖文章中，你可能会总结出这样的事情：“The purpose of this essay is to analyze current trends in childhood obesity rates worldwide and recommend specific policy initiatives to combat this growing problem，”这清楚地告诉什么文章的目的是。这里没有混乱。
为你的假期的文章，你可以试着这样的话： "This is the story of my summer in Costa Rica, a summer that neither spider bites, nor rotten plantains, nor Giardia could keep from being life-changing、" 这告诉读者，他们会在戏弄的具体细节在文章体店就是阅读一个人的旅行到外国帐户。
4、或者，你的文章结构概要 。有时，它是适当的走一步的介绍来描述你的文章的计划来实现其目的。如果你的文章能够很容易地被分解成不同的，特定的部分，这将是有用的，将使主题更容易掌握的读者。如果你是一个学生，你知道如何做到这一点也很有用，因为一些老师会要求你这么做的。然而，具体地概述了不同的文章在介绍中的文章并不总是一个好主意。在某些情况下，特别是对轻心的文章，这可能是有点机械读，可以通过提出太多的信息，对读者的威胁。
你可能会继续这样说：“这篇文章涉及三个主要的全球健康问题：高热量食品的供应，减少体育锻炼，以及日益普及的久坐不动的休闲活动。”对于一个简单的研究论文，概述了主要议题的讨论是一个好主意，因为它允许读者立即理解文章的理由解释在过去的句子的目的。
另一方面，对于你的假期文章，你可能不会以这种方式勾勒出你的文章。既然你已经建立了你的文章是轻松俏皮，这听起来有些奇怪的继续，例如：“通过体验城市生活在圣若泽和农村生活的资本在托土盖罗的丛林里，我像变了一个人在我的旅途中，“这不是一个可怕的句子，但它不流从前面的人因为它奠定了一个严格的刚性结构，不需要。
5、如果有必要，包括一篇论文 。在论文写作中，一个句子是一个句子，这是一个简单的句子，尽可能清晰、简洁地描述文章的“要点”。一些文章，特别是五段为学术作业或是标准化考试的一部分而写的论文，或多或少都要求你将论文陈述部分作为开篇的一部分。即使不需要这篇文章的文章也能从一个大胆的命题陈述的简洁的目的性中受益。一般情况下，在第一段的结尾处或附近包含论文陈述，虽然没有硬性规定，具体地说，论文陈述必须是。
对于你的肥胖文章，因为你在一个临床，简单的方式处理一个严肃的话题和写作，你可能会直接与你的论文声明：“通过分析现有的调查数据，本文旨在找出具体的政策措施，如可能的路径到全球肥胖减少。”这篇论文告诉读者在相对较少的话的确切目的的文章。
你可能不包括一个单一的论文发表声明的度假文章。因为你更感兴趣的是设置一个情绪，讲述一个故事，并说明个人主题，一个直接的，临床的声明，如“这篇文章将描述我的暑假到哥斯达黎加”，将声音奇怪的强迫和不必要的。
6、为你的文章定一个合适的基调。 除了你的空间，讨论你将要谈论什么，你的第一段，也是一个空间，以确定你将如何谈论它。你写的你写的声音是什么鼓励部分（或阻碍）你的读者阅读你的文章。如果在你的文章开始的基调是明确的，愉快的，和适合的主题，你的读者会比如果它的混乱更容易阅读，变化很大，从句子的，或是不在手边的话题。
看一看上面的句子。注意，虽然肥胖作文和假期作文有非常不同的声音，这两者都是清楚地写，并为主题的适当。肥胖作文是一个严肃的、分析性的写作，是一种处理公共健康问题的文章，所以对这些句子有一定的临床和观点是合理的。另一方面，这篇文章是关于一个有趣的，令人兴奋的经历，对作者有重大影响，所以这是合理的句子是一个有趣的小游戏，包含令人兴奋的细节和传达作者的奇迹感。
7、砍去追逐！ 介绍的最重要的规则之一是，更短的几乎总是更好的。如果你能把所有的信息都传达给你，你需要五个句子，而不是六个。如果你可以用一个简单的，每天的话，在一个更不起眼的字（例如，“start”与“initiate”），做它。如果你能把你的信息传达给十个单词而不是十二个，那就去做吧。在任何地方，你可以在不牺牲质量和清晰度的情况下，把你的介绍性通道缩短，这样做。记住，你的文章开始是让读者进入文章的肉，但它的嘶嘶声并不是文章本身的肉，所以保持简短。
如上所述，而你应该力求简洁，你不应该缩短你介绍这么多，它变得不清楚或不合理。例如，在你的肥胖文章中，你不应该缩短这句话：“In fact, childhood obesity is a global problem that is increasingly affecting rich and poor countries alike”。……这句话：“In fact, obesity is actually a big problem、”这句话并不能告诉整个故事，这篇文章是关于全球儿童肥胖的发病率上升，而不是肥胖对你来说是不好的。
我们随机抽取了学术语料库中航空航天学科子库里的50篇期刊文章，摘取了其中的文章首句，做一个简单的文本分析。
经过观察，我们发现，抽取的样本按照其表达的功能，基本可以分为四类，即“声称中心地位”、“评述以往研究”、“概括研究话题”和“提出存在的问题”(Swales 1990)。
1、 声称中心地位，20例(40%)
这一类例句主要强调研究话题在研究领域中的中心地位，或其重要性、优点或必要性，指出将要报道的研究是有意义的、重要的或者已被认为是研究领域内的主要话题。主要例子有：
[1] Structural damage detection and health monitoring is very important in many applications、
[2] Combustion noise can make a significant contribution to overall turbofan engine noise at low-power settings, , which are typical of approach flight、
[3] Research on flow control has been one of the major topics in fluid mechanics in the past couple of decades、
[4] Surface flow visualization is useful for understanding flow in many applications and can be used to complement and validate computational studies of complex flow、
可用的序列有，xxx be important, xxx play an important/a significant role in, xxx be of particular interest等、
2、 评述以往同类研究，15例(30%)
这类例子大多回顾某一研究话题或领域的已有研究或多年来的研究进展。例如：
[5] Over the last number of decades, a multitude of research efforts have been directed toward understanding the physical mechanisms, or at least the surrounding factors, behind the appearance of symptoms typically associated with nonlinear axial combustion instability in solid-propellant rocket motors (SRMs)、
[6] The effects of applying an electric field on a flame have been studied since the early 1800s(1) when Brande noticed an effect on the heat and mass transfer of a diffusion flame between electrodes, which was then later verified in 1931 by Lewis (2)、
此外，这一分类里的大部分例子都使用现在完成时。供参考的短语序列有，xxx has/have been studied, previous/recent studies show/have shown, it has been shown等。
3、 概括研究话题，14例(28%)
在收集的样本中，“概括研究话题”主要指概括或陈述某一研究领域/话题的特征或客观事实。这一类例句中，文章作者大多根据具体的研究话题组织句子，因而并没有典型的句式。
[7] Many flows of technological interest occur at high Reynolds number and are often characterized、
[8] The Hill–Clohessy–Wiltshire (HCW) equations describe the relative motion of a chaser with respect to a target while both vehicles orbit a central gravitational source、
4、 提出当前研究中存在的问题，1例(2%)
只有一例在文章第一句便指出某一技术所存在的问题，见[9]：
[9] Airborne propagation of directed energy suffers consequences including reduced range, precision, and overall effectiveness, due to the interaction with varying refractive indices within the fluid medium through which it is propagated (1–3)、
简单总结一下，在我们所收集的50篇文章中，有40%的文章在开篇第一句强调研究话题/领域的重要性、优点或说明已成为研究焦点;30%的文章首句旨在回顾或评述以往同类研究;28%的文章在第一句中客观概括或陈述研究话题的特性;仅有2%，即1篇文章在首句中指出某一技术存在的问题。
这一数据也说明，我们可以根据自己的研究话题，运用多种形式，灵活组织文章首句的句式和内容。鉴于样本数量有限，以上内容只是抛砖引玉，仅供参考。我们还建议各位小伙伴在阅读文献的过程中注意积累和总结，看一看自己专业领域内的期刊文章，是以何种形式撰写文章首句。如此一来，可以在自己写论文时进行模仿。毕竟，好的开始是成功的一半嘛。
英语论文答辩开场白（精选7篇）
在现在社会，许多人对开场白的掌握需求逐渐增多，开场白应该达到明确您的'意图，使目标愿意和您交流，允许您提出问题的目的。那么，开场白一般是怎么写的呢？以下是我帮大家整理的英语论文答辩开场白，欢迎大家分享。
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is prof.xxx. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole years hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, thats all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.
Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels addicts. For the above facts, I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper.
Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.
The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.
The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.
The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This times literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.
The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
Good morning.
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.)
I am XXX. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor XXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is XXXXXXXXX.
The whole thesis consists of --- parts.
The first part will give a brief introduction of ------. And the second part is going to analyze ----------.
In the third part, ---------will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about --------. Then the author will dig into the root causes of ------- in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal --------of ---------in the last part. Thank you!
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members.I am xsj and my supervisor is zy. With his sincere and intellectual guidance, I have finished my paper.Now,it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Heavenly War and Earthly Conflict, an Insight into John Miltons Paradise Lost. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this story as one of texts in British and American literature Selections. Last but not least, I am keen on the study of human nature and the profound significance and instructions for us from John Milton. For the above facts, I select the Heavenly war and earthly conflict an insight into John Miltons Paradise Lost as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this great poem we can know more about this Literature masterpiece,and I also want to show my own understanding about it.
Next, here is an outline of my presentation and I devide my paper into four parts. Part one presents an introduction of John Milton and Paradise Lost. Part two introduces the main contents of the book of Paradise Lost. Part three gives my own analysis of major characters in Paradise Lost. Part four draws some conclusions by my careful reading and thinking.
OK, that is all. Thank you. Now you may raise your questions. I am ready.
Good morning.
all appraiser committee members. I am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
1．议论论文： A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages．B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,...D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside. E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.
很多同学都想知道英语议论文有没有模板可以用，我整理了一些作文模板，大家一起来看看吧。
1) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that …从以上的讨论我们可以肯定地得出结论，即…
2) Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论…
3) Overall, there is compelling evidence that …, and it follows that in this respect …总的说来，令人信服的证据是…，而且在这方面随之而来的是…
4) The analysis we have made leads to a sound idea that …由我们的分析得出一个正确的见解，即…
5) Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论…
1. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory The problem should be examined in a new way
2. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on…
3. Taking into account all these factors， we may safely reach the conclusion that…
4. As it is described that…
5. It has been illustrated that…
1. Nowadays,the Internet has been playing an important role in our everyday life There are two sides of opinion about it.Some students say … is their favorite They think that… (理由一)What’s more, …(理由二)Moreover, … (理由三)
2. However, others think that… is a better choice There are three reasons (然而，其余的人认为做某事是一种较好的选择，有三个方面的理由) Firstly, … (第一) Secondly, (第二)Last but not least, …(最后也是最重要的是)
3. As far as I am concerned that can't live without the Internet The reason why is that…(……的原因是……)
4. Nowadays,the Internet has been playing an important role in our everyday life There are many advantages in it Firstly, … (第一) Secondly, (第二)Last but not least, …(最后也是最重要的是)
5. As far as I am concerned that it has more disadvantages than advantages(依我看，它有更多好处多于坏处)… However，we also try to use it in a right way , not waste a lot of time in it
以上就是一些英语作文模板的相关信息，供大家参考。
1．议论论文： A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages．B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,...D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside. E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.
学术论文的开头写法没有固定模式，因文而异，但可以参照英文科技论文的通用结构来撰写，给你一个方向，内容只需你扩充罢了：Introduction（引言）：研究的是什么问题？ Materials and Methods（材料和方法）：怎样研究这个问题？ Results（结果）：发现了什么? Discussion（讨论）：这些发现意味着什么? 按照这个结构整体规划论文，有一个方法值得借鉴，即剑桥大学爱席比教授提出的“概念图”。首先在一张大纸上（A3或A4纸，横放）写下文章题目（事先定好题目很重要），然后根据IMRaD的结构确定基本的段落主题，把他们写在不同的方框内。你可以记录任何你脑海中闪现的可以包括在该部分的内容，诸如段落标题、图表、需要进一步阐述的观点等等，把它们写在方框附近的圈内，并用箭头标示它们的所属方框。画概念图的阶段也是自由思考的阶段，在此过程中不必拘泥于细节。哪些东西需要包括进文章？还需要做哪些工作，是找到某文献的原文，还是补画一张图表，或者需要再查找某个参考文献？当你发现自己需要再加进一个段落时就在概念图中添加一个新框。如果你发现原来的顺序需作调整，那就用箭头标示新的顺序。绘制概念图的过程看似儿童游戏，但其意义重大，它可以给你自由思考的空间，并通过图示的方式记录你思维发展的过程。这便是写论文的第一步：从整体考虑文章结构，思考各种组织文章的方法，准备好所需的资料，随时记录出现的新想法。采用这个方法，不论正式下笔时是从哪一部分写起，都能够能做到大局不乱。 查尔斯沃思论文润色提供如有疑问请加公 众号：lunwen64希望能帮到您，祝您论文发表顺利！
英语写作能力的培养不是一日之功，必须从平时的练习中一点点培养。巧用一些经典句型会为作文添加一点亮色，多得一点印象分。本文整理了英语议论文常用的开头和结尾，希望对大家有帮助。
要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、观点鲜明的开头
2、紧扣主题的结尾
3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落
另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，换句话说，每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。
在中心统一这个问题,应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。
1.It goes without saying that…不言而喻…
2.It can be said with certainty that…可以肯定地说……
3.As the proverb says，正如谚语所说的，
4.It has to be noticed that…必须注意到…
5.It's generally recognized that…普遍认为…
1. It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.
很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展
2. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.
在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理.
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……
我无法完全同意这一观点
4.As far as I am concerned/In my opinion……
就我而言……
5. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……
最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……
一.开头句型 1. As far as...is concerned就……而言 2. It goes without saying that...不言而喻，...... 3. It can be said with certainty that...可以肯定地说...... 4. As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的， 5. It has to be noticed that...必须注意到，...... 6. It's generally recognized that...普遍认为...... 7. What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是...... 8. There's no denying the fact that...不可否认...... 9. Nothing is more important than the fact that...没有什么比......更重要 10.Today, ..., which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ... Second, ... What makes things worse is that...现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是…… 二.衔接句型 1. A case in point is ...一个典型的例子是...... 2. As is often the case，... 正如通常情况下，...... 3. As stated in the previous paragraph， 如前段所述， 4. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，... 但是问题并非如此简单，所以，…… 5. But it's a pity that...但遗憾的是…... 6. For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... 7. Further, we hold opinion that...此外，我们坚持认为...... 8. However , the difficulty lies in...然而，困难在于...… 9. Similarly, we should pay attention to...同样，我们要注意...... 10. In view of the present station， 鉴于目前形势， 11. As has been mentioned above， 正如上面所提到的， 12. In this respect, we may as well say...从这个角度上我们可以说...... 13. However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …... 三.结尾句型 1. I will conclude by saying...最后我要说…... 2. Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…... 3. All things considered,总而言之， 4. Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…... 5. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that… 通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论...… 6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that… 通过数据我们得到的结论是...... 7. It can be concluded from the discussion that...从讨论中可以得出......的结论 8. From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好 四.举例句型 1. Let's take...to illustrate this.让我们用......来阐明这一点。 2. let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.让我们用以上图标做例子来阐明这一点。 3. Here is one more example.还有一个例子。 4.Take… for example. 以......为例。 5.This offers a typical instance of…. 这为......提供了一个典型的例子。 6. We may quote a common example of…. 我们可以引用一个关于......的常见例子。 五.常用于引言段的句型 1. Some people think that…. 有些人认为…... 2. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。 3. For years,… has been seen as …, but things are quite different now. 多年来，……一直被视为……，但现在的情况有很大的不同。 4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that… 我无法完全同意这一观点的…... 5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。 6. Along with the development of…, more and more…随着……的发展，越来越多…... 7. There is a long-running debate as to whether...关于是否......有着个长期的辩论。 8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that…. 普遍/广泛认为…... 9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。 10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。 六.表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法 1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B. A和B完全不同。 2. A and B are different in every way / respect / aspect.A和B在每方面都不同。 3. A and B differ in… A和B在......方面不同。 4. A differs from B in... A在......方面和B不同。 5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in… A和B的区别在于...... 6. Compared with/In contrast to A, B…. 和A比起来，B...... 7. While it is generally believed that A…, I believe B… 虽然普遍认为A......，但是我认为B...... 8. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.尽管它们有相似性，但是A和B也是不同的。 9. Both A and B…. However, A…; on the other hand, B… A和B都......然而，A......；另一方面，B...... 10. The most striking difference is that A…, while B…. 最显著的区别是A......，然而B...... 七.演绎法常用的句型 1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones. 对于......有几个原因，但一般地，他们可以归结为三个主要原因。 2. There are many factors that can account for…, but the following are the most typical ones. 有许多因素能够解释......，但以下是最典型的因素。 3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。 5. The reasons are as follows.原因如下。 八.因果推理法常用句型 1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.因为我们读过这本书，所以我们学到很多。 2. If we read the book, we will learn a lot.如果我们读这本书，我们会学到很多。 3. We read the book；as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot. 我们读了这本书，因此我们学了很多。 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.由于读了这本书，我们已经学到了很多。 5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.超重的原因是吃得太多。 6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.超重是由于吃得太多。 7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.吃太多的结果是超重。 8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.吃太多导致超重。 早检测论文查重系统我祝大家顺利通过~~~
英语论文开头怎么写
英语论文开头怎么写,大家都知道万事开头难，写论文的时候也是一样，写一个好的开头就意味着你可以顺利的写下去了，对于不少人而言英文论文的难度比中文论文的难度更大，下面我带大家简单了解一下英语论文开头怎么写。
一篇
文章的第一段左右通常是整个文章的最重要的部分得到“just right”。它不仅是一个机会，抓住读者的注意力，同时也有机会来设置文章的其余议程，语气和内容的条款。严格地说，没有单一的“right”的方式开始了一篇文章，只是因为它有可能写了无数主题的文章，所以也有可能开始在很多方面的文章。然而，大多数好的开端，以散文分享一定的素质，如果考虑进去，可以大大提高可另外缺乏的文章前奏。请参见下面的步骤1开始！
为你的文章铺设路线图
1、启动带有引人注目的一句话。 当你的文章可能（或者，诚然，可以不）是有趣的你，作家，它不一定有趣的读者。读者，总的来说，是关于他们所读内容有点挑剔，他们做了什么没有。如果一件作品不会立刻吸引他们的注意力在第一段，有一个很好的机会，他们不会懒得看它的其余部分。正因为如此，它往往是开始的作文与从一开始就命令读者注意一个句子一个好主意。只要这第一句话就是逻辑连接到文章的其他部分，有一个在成为引人注目的右出了大门没有羞耻。
您可能要开始一个迷人，鲜为人知的事实和统计抓住读者的注意力。举例来说，如果你在儿童肥胖的危险与日俱增全世界写一篇文章，你可能会这样开始："Contrary to the popular idea that childhood obesity is only a problem for rich, pampered Westerners, the WHO reports that in 2012, over 30% of preschool-age children in developing countries were overweight or obese、"在另一方面，如果它适合你的文章更具逻辑性，你可能要启动一个特别扣人心弦的图像或描述。关于暑假的文章，你可能会这样开始： "When I felt the Costa Rican sun filtering through the jungle canopy and heard the sound of howler monkeys far off in the distance, I knew that I had found someplace very special、"
2、让你的读者进入你的文章的“meat” 。一个伟大的第一句话可以吸引读者的注意力，但是如果你不把读者拉进你的文章里，她还是会很容易失去兴趣。按照你的第一句话，一个句子或两个逻辑连接的注意抓住“钩”在第一句中的其余部分作为一个整体。通常，这些句子将在第一个句子的狭窄范围内扩展，将特定的快照放在一些更大的上下文中。
例如，在你的肥胖文章中，你可能会遵循如下第一句话：“In fact, childhood obesity is a growing problem that is increasingly affecting rich and poor countries alike、”这句话解释了第一句中所描述的问题的'紧迫性，并给出了更广泛的内容。
为你的假期的文章，你可能会跟你这样的第一句话是： "I was deep in the jungles of Tortuguero National Park, and I was lost in more ways than one、" 这句话告诉读者在第一句的意象从哪里来，带领读者走进其余的文章嘲笑它最终将被揭示的旁白是“lost”。
3、告诉读者你的文章是什么 。大多数时候，文章不是纯粹的描述-他们不存在完全告诉你什么是基本的，事实上。通常情况下，他们有一个特定的目的以外的。这几乎可以是任何东西。这篇文章可能是为了改变读者对某个主题的想法，说服读者采取行动，为某个不被很好理解的事情，或者简单地讲述一个令人深思的故事。在任何情况下，第一段的基本目的是要告诉读者什么是文章的目的是。这样，读者就可以快速选择是否继续到其余的文章或不。
在你的肥胖文章中，你可能会总结出这样的事情：“The purpose of this essay is to analyze current trends in childhood obesity rates worldwide and recommend specific policy initiatives to combat this growing problem，”这清楚地告诉什么文章的目的是。这里没有混乱。
为你的假期的文章，你可以试着这样的话： "This is the story of my summer in Costa Rica, a summer that neither spider bites, nor rotten plantains, nor Giardia could keep from being life-changing、" 这告诉读者，他们会在戏弄的具体细节在文章体店就是阅读一个人的旅行到外国帐户。
4、或者，你的文章结构概要 。有时，它是适当的走一步的介绍来描述你的文章的计划来实现其目的。如果你的文章能够很容易地被分解成不同的，特定的部分，这将是有用的，将使主题更容易掌握的读者。如果你是一个学生，你知道如何做到这一点也很有用，因为一些老师会要求你这么做的。然而，具体地概述了不同的文章在介绍中的文章并不总是一个好主意。在某些情况下，特别是对轻心的文章，这可能是有点机械读，可以通过提出太多的信息，对读者的威胁。
你可能会继续这样说：“这篇文章涉及三个主要的全球健康问题：高热量食品的供应，减少体育锻炼，以及日益普及的久坐不动的休闲活动。”对于一个简单的研究论文，概述了主要议题的讨论是一个好主意，因为它允许读者立即理解文章的理由解释在过去的句子的目的。
另一方面，对于你的假期文章，你可能不会以这种方式勾勒出你的文章。既然你已经建立了你的文章是轻松俏皮，这听起来有些奇怪的继续，例如：“通过体验城市生活在圣若泽和农村生活的资本在托土盖罗的丛林里，我像变了一个人在我的旅途中，“这不是一个可怕的句子，但它不流从前面的人因为它奠定了一个严格的刚性结构，不需要。
5、如果有必要，包括一篇论文 。在论文写作中，一个句子是一个句子，这是一个简单的句子，尽可能清晰、简洁地描述文章的“要点”。一些文章，特别是五段为学术作业或是标准化考试的一部分而写的论文，或多或少都要求你将论文陈述部分作为开篇的一部分。即使不需要这篇文章的文章也能从一个大胆的命题陈述的简洁的目的性中受益。一般情况下，在第一段的结尾处或附近包含论文陈述，虽然没有硬性规定，具体地说，论文陈述必须是。
对于你的肥胖文章，因为你在一个临床，简单的方式处理一个严肃的话题和写作，你可能会直接与你的论文声明：“通过分析现有的调查数据，本文旨在找出具体的政策措施，如可能的路径到全球肥胖减少。”这篇论文告诉读者在相对较少的话的确切目的的文章。
你可能不包括一个单一的论文发表声明的度假文章。因为你更感兴趣的是设置一个情绪，讲述一个故事，并说明个人主题，一个直接的，临床的声明，如“这篇文章将描述我的暑假到哥斯达黎加”，将声音奇怪的强迫和不必要的。
6、为你的文章定一个合适的基调。 除了你的空间，讨论你将要谈论什么，你的第一段，也是一个空间，以确定你将如何谈论它。你写的你写的声音是什么鼓励部分（或阻碍）你的读者阅读你的文章。如果在你的文章开始的基调是明确的，愉快的，和适合的主题，你的读者会比如果它的混乱更容易阅读，变化很大，从句子的，或是不在手边的话题。
看一看上面的句子。注意，虽然肥胖作文和假期作文有非常不同的声音，这两者都是清楚地写，并为主题的适当。肥胖作文是一个严肃的、分析性的写作，是一种处理公共健康问题的文章，所以对这些句子有一定的临床和观点是合理的。另一方面，这篇文章是关于一个有趣的，令人兴奋的经历，对作者有重大影响，所以这是合理的句子是一个有趣的小游戏，包含令人兴奋的细节和传达作者的奇迹感。
7、砍去追逐！ 介绍的最重要的规则之一是，更短的几乎总是更好的。如果你能把所有的信息都传达给你，你需要五个句子，而不是六个。如果你可以用一个简单的，每天的话，在一个更不起眼的字（例如，“start”与“initiate”），做它。如果你能把你的信息传达给十个单词而不是十二个，那就去做吧。在任何地方，你可以在不牺牲质量和清晰度的情况下，把你的介绍性通道缩短，这样做。记住，你的文章开始是让读者进入文章的肉，但它的嘶嘶声并不是文章本身的肉，所以保持简短。
如上所述，而你应该力求简洁，你不应该缩短你介绍这么多，它变得不清楚或不合理。例如，在你的肥胖文章中，你不应该缩短这句话：“In fact, childhood obesity is a global problem that is increasingly affecting rich and poor countries alike”。……这句话：“In fact, obesity is actually a big problem、”这句话并不能告诉整个故事，这篇文章是关于全球儿童肥胖的发病率上升，而不是肥胖对你来说是不好的。
我们随机抽取了学术语料库中航空航天学科子库里的50篇期刊文章，摘取了其中的文章首句，做一个简单的文本分析。
经过观察，我们发现，抽取的样本按照其表达的功能，基本可以分为四类，即“声称中心地位”、“评述以往研究”、“概括研究话题”和“提出存在的问题”(Swales 1990)。
1、 声称中心地位，20例(40%)
这一类例句主要强调研究话题在研究领域中的中心地位，或其重要性、优点或必要性，指出将要报道的研究是有意义的、重要的或者已被认为是研究领域内的主要话题。主要例子有：
[1] Structural damage detection and health monitoring is very important in many applications、
[2] Combustion noise can make a significant contribution to overall turbofan engine noise at low-power settings, , which are typical of approach flight、
[3] Research on flow control has been one of the major topics in fluid mechanics in the past couple of decades、
[4] Surface flow visualization is useful for understanding flow in many applications and can be used to complement and validate computational studies of complex flow、
可用的序列有，xxx be important, xxx play an important/a significant role in, xxx be of particular interest等、
2、 评述以往同类研究，15例(30%)
这类例子大多回顾某一研究话题或领域的已有研究或多年来的研究进展。例如：
[5] Over the last number of decades, a multitude of research efforts have been directed toward understanding the physical mechanisms, or at least the surrounding factors, behind the appearance of symptoms typically associated with nonlinear axial combustion instability in solid-propellant rocket motors (SRMs)、
[6] The effects of applying an electric field on a flame have been studied since the early 1800s(1) when Brande noticed an effect on the heat and mass transfer of a diffusion flame between electrodes, which was then later verified in 1931 by Lewis (2)、
此外，这一分类里的大部分例子都使用现在完成时。供参考的短语序列有，xxx has/have been studied, previous/recent studies show/have shown, it has been shown等。
3、 概括研究话题，14例(28%)
在收集的样本中，“概括研究话题”主要指概括或陈述某一研究领域/话题的特征或客观事实。这一类例句中，文章作者大多根据具体的研究话题组织句子，因而并没有典型的句式。
[7] Many flows of technological interest occur at high Reynolds number and are often characterized、
[8] The Hill–Clohessy–Wiltshire (HCW) equations describe the relative motion of a chaser with respect to a target while both vehicles orbit a central gravitational source、
4、 提出当前研究中存在的问题，1例(2%)
只有一例在文章第一句便指出某一技术所存在的问题，见[9]：
[9] Airborne propagation of directed energy suffers consequences including reduced range, precision, and overall effectiveness, due to the interaction with varying refractive indices within the fluid medium through which it is propagated (1–3)、
简单总结一下，在我们所收集的50篇文章中，有40%的文章在开篇第一句强调研究话题/领域的重要性、优点或说明已成为研究焦点;30%的文章首句旨在回顾或评述以往同类研究;28%的文章在第一句中客观概括或陈述研究话题的特性;仅有2%，即1篇文章在首句中指出某一技术存在的问题。
这一数据也说明，我们可以根据自己的研究话题，运用多种形式，灵活组织文章首句的句式和内容。鉴于样本数量有限，以上内容只是抛砖引玉，仅供参考。我们还建议各位小伙伴在阅读文献的过程中注意积累和总结，看一看自己专业领域内的期刊文章，是以何种形式撰写文章首句。如此一来，可以在自己写论文时进行模仿。毕竟，好的开始是成功的一半嘛。
很多同学都想知道英语议论文有没有模板可以用，我整理了一些作文模板，大家一起来看看吧。
1) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that …从以上的讨论我们可以肯定地得出结论，即…
2) Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论…
3) Overall, there is compelling evidence that …, and it follows that in this respect …总的说来，令人信服的证据是…，而且在这方面随之而来的是…
4) The analysis we have made leads to a sound idea that …由我们的分析得出一个正确的见解，即…
5) Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论…
1. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory The problem should be examined in a new way
2. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on…
3. Taking into account all these factors， we may safely reach the conclusion that…
4. As it is described that…
5. It has been illustrated that…
1. Nowadays,the Internet has been playing an important role in our everyday life There are two sides of opinion about it.Some students say … is their favorite They think that… (理由一)What’s more, …(理由二)Moreover, … (理由三)
2. However, others think that… is a better choice There are three reasons (然而，其余的人认为做某事是一种较好的选择，有三个方面的理由) Firstly, … (第一) Secondly, (第二)Last but not least, …(最后也是最重要的是)
3. As far as I am concerned that can't live without the Internet The reason why is that…(……的原因是……)
4. Nowadays,the Internet has been playing an important role in our everyday life There are many advantages in it Firstly, … (第一) Secondly, (第二)Last but not least, …(最后也是最重要的是)
5. As far as I am concerned that it has more disadvantages than advantages(依我看，它有更多好处多于坏处)… However，we also try to use it in a right way , not waste a lot of time in it
以上就是一些英语作文模板的相关信息，供大家参考。
英语写作能力的培养不是一日之功，必须从平时的练习中一点点培养。巧用一些经典句型会为作文添加一点亮色，多得一点印象分。本文整理了英语议论文常用的开头和结尾，希望对大家有帮助。
要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、观点鲜明的开头
2、紧扣主题的结尾
3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落
另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，换句话说，每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。
在中心统一这个问题,应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。
1.It goes without saying that…不言而喻…
2.It can be said with certainty that…可以肯定地说……
3.As the proverb says，正如谚语所说的，
4.It has to be noticed that…必须注意到…
5.It's generally recognized that…普遍认为…
1. It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.
很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展
2. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.
在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理.
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……
我无法完全同意这一观点
4.As far as I am concerned/In my opinion……
就我而言……
5. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……
最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……
导语：议论文是 英语写作 中的一种体裁，下面是我收集整理的英语议论文万能写作模板，希望对你有帮助!
一.开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言 比如说：就我而言 As far as I concerned 2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句 可以肯定地说......
3.As the proverb says， 正如 谚语 所说的， 可以用来引用名言名句
4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...
5 .Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...
6 .Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...
7 .Its hardly that... 这是很难的......
8 Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…
10 .whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…
二.衔接句型
1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...
3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，+句子 ( 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……) 4 .But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是。。。
5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... In spite of 尽管
6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...
7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而，困难在于…
8.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...
9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的… (可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明)
10.In this respect, 从这个角度上
11.However, 然而…
三.结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion
It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
4.Therefore, in my opinion,因此，在我看来，
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好
四.举例句型
1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子
2.Take … for example.就拿……为例子
五.常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…
To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for thee reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。
2. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为… 1
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意….这一观点的说法…
4. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…
5 It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…
6. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。
六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1. A is completely different from B. (A和B完全不同)
2 The difference between A and B is lies in +名词或者动名词 ( A和B不同的地方是。。。) .
七 演绎法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 ( 可以用在保护环境等话题的作文)
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5. The reasons are as follows. 。。。的理由如下 (可以用来列举理由原因)
八 因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
英语演讲稿万能开头:
1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
英语演讲稿万能结尾句：
1、简单地向听众表达自己的谢意，如：
Thank you for your listening.谢谢你们的聆听。
Thank you very much again.再次感谢大家。
Thank you for your attention…谢谢你们…
I'd appreciate you all for careful listening.非常感谢你们的仔细聆听。
2、可以在结束的时候点明自己已经结束了演讲，并且向听众表达谢意，如：
This is the end of my speech. thank you very much for being here.我的演讲到此结束。非常感谢你们的到来。
I have finished delivering my speech. thank you for your support and your kind attention.我已经结束了我的演讲了。谢谢你的支持和关心。
3、可以在结束的时候表达自己非常高兴能在这里分享自己的想法，如：
I am very glad to be here today to share my thoughts with all of you.我很高兴今天能在这里与大家分享我的想法。
英语演讲稿的组成部分：
从大的方面看，英语演讲词实际上是属于一种特殊的说明文或议论文，其基本组成部分是：
（1）开始时对听众的称呼语
最常用的是Ladies and gentlemen，也可根据不同情况，选用Fellow students，Distinguished guests，Mr Chairman，Honorable Judges（评委）等等
（2）提出论题
由于演讲的时间限制，必须开门见山，提出论题。提出论题的方法有各种各样，但最生动，最能引起注意的是用举例法。
比如：你要呼吁大家关心贫穷地区的孩子，你可以用亲眼看到的或者收集到的那些贫穷孩子多么需要帮助的实例开始。另外，用具体的统计数据也是一个有效的引出论题的方法，比如：你要谈遵守交通规则的话题，你可以从举一系列有关车辆、车祸等的数据开始。
3）论证
对提出的论题，不可主观地妄下结论，而要进行客观的论证。这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。关键是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等等，可参见英语议论文的有关章节。
（4）结论
结论要简明扼要，以给听众留下深刻印象。
一、说明原因型模块 Currently, XX has been the order of the day. This does demonstrate the theory —— nothing is more valuable than XX It is clear that (1). If you (2), as a result, your dreams will e true. On the contrary, if you (3).Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny another fact that (4).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5).It will exert a profound influence upon (6).With reference to my standpoint, I think (7). 注释： 1、XX的第一个优点 2、支持XX的做法 3、不支持XX的做法 4、XX的第二个优点 5、举例证明优点二 6、说明XX优点三的影响二、说明原因型模块 In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on (1). The factors for (2).First of all, (3).Then, there es a case that (4). Moreover, (5). Especially when (6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that (7).In this way, we should behave just like (8).三、说明原因型模块 For most of us today, (1). From above, we can find that the reasons why (2)are as follows.The primary reason, I think, is (3).Second, (4). The third reason, actually, is (5). The significance for (6). Therefore, (7). 注释： 1、人们针对XX的态度和举措 2、归纳现状 3、第一个原因 4、第二个原因 5、第三个原因 6、重申造成现状的最重要原因四、说明原因型模块 These days we often hear that (1).It is mon that (2). Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (3).For another, (4). What is more, since(5),it is natural that (6).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as (7) to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future. 注释： 1、提出论题 2、说明现状 3、理由一 4、理由二 5、理由三 6、理由三引起的后果 7、解决方法提纲式作文写作模板 1、对立观点式 A. 有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？ B. 有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？ C. 我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2、批驳观点式 A.一个错误观点。 B.我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。
An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。
There might be some element of truth in these people's belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. （以下参照辩论文的议论文写法）。
3、社会问题（现象）式 A.一个社会问题或者现象 B.产生的原因 C.对社会和我们生活的影响 D.如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话） E.前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly bee a mon concern of the public). According to a survey， 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 同上Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will……辩论式议论文模版（一） Some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all， 论据1. More importantly， 论据2. Most important of all， 论据3. In summary， 总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心。
或From above, we can predict that 预测。 辩论式议论文模版（二） People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1. While others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing， 论据1. For another， 论据2. Last but not the least， 论据3. To conclude， 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心。
或。
英语作文怎么写？ 相对于英语的其它题目，作文的综合要求可能更高一点，那么我们就以这次考试的作文为例子来讲讲英语作文怎么写. 首先我先说说同学们在做作文的时候常常遇到的问题，然后我再给出一个大概的解决方法，最后呢，我们联系这次考试的作文题来实战一番. 从我们题目的要求来看，是一个记事的记叙文，并且是一个看图说话类的，所有的素材都在我们的图片里面了.那么我们就要先把图片仔细的看一下，选好线索，显然图片里面的钟暗示我们选择时间为我们的叙事线索.其次要选择好一个时态的问题，我们可以以晚上回忆的方式来叙述这个事情。那么都是过去时。 那么开头是一个比较困难的事情，大家也许不知道从何说起.这里我给出了一个例子. Our class had already planned to go to Handian Nursing Home to visit those old people living there . We were all eager to go there as soon as we can. And today this time really came, so you could image how happy we were. At about 8:00 in the morning , with tools in hands, we went out of our school towards the Handian Nursing Home 下面我们不必过多的描述在路上的情形，我们重点将描述在敬老院里面的情形. It was about 9:00 when we arrived there. Though we were a little tired, none of us wanted to have a rest. As some of those old people seldom came out, so some of us helped them walk around to breathe the fresh air. Some help them to wash their clothes, and the others swept the ground. Most of us never do such things at home, so we maybe didn't do these well, but we all tried our best. At about 11:55,we had lunch with them, and our monitor stood for us to bless them devoutly. During the lunch time, we were all very happy. After lunch, we had a party with those old people. Before we came here, we had already prepared some songs for them. As we expected, they all felt great pleased with our programs. Though maybe we didn't performed well, the *** ile on their faces made us very happy. 该到说再见的时候了，一定要注意收尾工作. Happy time always goes fast. Though we didn't notice that we had stayed here for a long time, the clock on the wall informed us clearly that it was time for us to go home. So we had to say good bye to those old people. On the way home, we all said this was really a significant day, and we decided to e back again whenever we had time.
原发布者： *** 亚
英文信开头的问候语【篇一：英文书信的开头问候语】请问英文书信的开头问候语有哪些私人书信的开头常用如下句子：howiseverything？一切都好吗？ihopeeverythingisallright.我希望（你）一切都好。howareyou？你好吗？howareyougettingalongthesedays?imissyouverymuch.你近来过得如何？我十分想念你。iwasveryhappytoreceiveyourletterofoctober10th.我很高兴收到你10月10日的来信。thankyouforwritingtome.谢谢你给我写信。yourlettercameintomyhandyesterday.我是昨天收到你的来信的。itsalongtimesinceigotyourlastletter.我收到你的信已经很长一段时间了。imsorryitooksolongtoreply.很报歉给你回信晚了。ihavebeensobusyrecentlythaticouldhardlyfindanytimetowrite.我最近挺忙，未能抽出时间给你写信。manythanksforthewonderfulpresentyousentme.谢谢你寄给我那么好的礼物。imsosorryfornothavingwrittentoyouforsuchalongtime.十分报歉，很久没有给你写信了。英语书信结尾常常写一些祝愿、问候他人、盼回信等等话语。常用的语句有：withbesishes.致以良好的祝愿。pleasewritetomeassoonhowareyou?howhaveyoubeen?ihopeeverythingisfinewithyou.hopeyouenjoyyourday.（或者）hereiamagain.it *** eagain.邮件比较频繁的话，
英语的作文和汉语的作文写法不一样。这是因为英语是意合性语言，而汉语是形合性语言的缘故。
由于这点，所以写英语作文最应该注意的就是要让作文在意上表现的紧密。
就你所提的问题来看，依据上叙英语语言的特点，写英语四六级作文常以三段式最为常见，即首先谈论别人的观点；然后论叙自己的意见，即点题，说明你的观点；最后总结。这是相当于论叙文（议论文）而言的，其它种类的文章也大抵如此。
不过，你若是写其它论文或是水平层次较高的文章，当然就没有什么很固有的结构，也没有必要。但是所有高水平的文章都是基于在一定的基础上的。
一、用于驳性和比较性论文 1. In general, I don't agree with 2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn't hold water. 3. The chief reason why… is that… 4. There is no true that… 5. It is not true that… 6. It can be easily denied than… 7. We have no reason to believe that… 8. What is more serious is that… 9. But it is pity that… 10. Besides, we should not neglect that… 11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… 12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… 13. Perhaps I was question why… 14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… 15. Though we are in basic agreement with…，but 16. What seems to be the trouble is… 17. Yet differences will be found, that's why I feel that… 18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …， but it would be foolish to claim that… 19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… 20. What these people fail to consider is that… 21. It is one thing to insist that… ， it is quite another to show that … 22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. 23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. 24. A's advantage sounds ridiculous when B's advantages are taken into consideration. 二、用于描写图表和数据 1. It has increased by three times as pared with that of 1998. 2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. 3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. 4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 6. It was decreased ice than that of the year 1996. 7. The total number was lowered by 10%. 8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. 9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. 10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. 11. It has decreased almost o and half times, pared with… 三、用于解释性和阐述性论说文 1. Everybody knows that… 2. It can be easily proved that… 3. It is true that… 4. No one can deny that 5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 6. The chief reason is that… 7. We must recognize that… 8. There is on doubt that… 9. I am of the opinion that… 10. This can be expressed as follows; 11. To take …for an example… 12. We have reason to believe that 13. Now that we know that… 14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… 15. The change in …largely results from the fact that 16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…，first …，second …，finally… 17. A number of factors could account for the development in… 18. Perhaps the primary reason is… 19. It is chiefly responsible of… 20. The reasons for…are plicated, And probably they are found in the fact… 21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… 22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… 23. It is not simple to give the reason for this plicated phenomenon… 24. Different people observes it in different ways. 四、用于文章的开头 1. As the proverb says… 2. It goes without saying tan… 3. Generally speaking… 4. It is quite clear than because… 5. It is often said that … 6. Many people often ask such question：“…？” 7. More and more people have e to realize… 8. There is no doubt that… 9. Some people believe that… 10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? 11. One great man said that… 12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. 13. In the past several years there has been… 14. Now it is monly held that… but I doubt whether… 15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… 16. Now people in growing number are ing to realize that… 17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … 18. Faced with…， quite a few people argue that…， but other people conceive differently. 五、用于文章的结尾 1. from this point of view… 2. in a word… 3. in conclusion… 4. on account of this we can find that… 5. the result is dependent on… 6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: 7. thus, this is the reason why we must… 8. to sum up … 9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… 10. It is obvious that… 11. There is little doubt that… 12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …， but …might be helpful 13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. 14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… 15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that… 六、用于论证和说明 1. As it is described that… 2. It has been illustrated that… 3. It provides a good example of… 4. We 。
议论文为例
开头第一段，引入要讨论的话题。不用太长，三四句话即可。第一句引入话题（如"Nowadays a topic of。has been brought into people's heated discussion.”等类似句型）。第二三句简要陈述自己观点（比如赞成或是反对）。（In my opinion,。/I think,。/etc.）第一段结束。
第二段分点展开叙述自己赞成以上观点的理由。（First,。/On one hand,。/first of all,。/etc.）(second,。/on the other hand,。/then,。/etc.)(finally,。/at last,。/what's more,。/moreover,。/etc.)
第三段，一两句话，再次概括强调自己观点。（In conclusion,。/generally speaking。/In short,。/etc.）
拿去年四级英语的作文为例讨论是否应该使用一次性塑料袋
第一段引入要讨论的话题。也就是现在人们在普遍讨论一个话题：是否应该使用一次性塑料袋。而你的观点是……（应该/不应该）OK，第一段结束。
第二段，陈述几条理由来支撑以上你的观点（如觉得“应该”：便宜、使用方便、可以多次利用等；觉得“不应该”，则：不可分解，污染环境，不利于可持续发展；不合格塑料袋装有毒危害人类健康等等）反正能够自圆其说就行。
第三段，一两句话简单总结。
其实都有套路的，熟悉了就很简单了。
英语写作能力的培养不是一日之功，必须从平时的练习中一点点培养。巧用一些经典句型会为作文添加一点亮色，多得一点印象分。本文整理了英语议论文常用的开头和结尾，希望对大家有帮助。
要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、观点鲜明的开头
2、紧扣主题的结尾
3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落
另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，换句话说，每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。
在中心统一这个问题,应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。
1.It goes without saying that…不言而喻…
2.It can be said with certainty that…可以肯定地说……
3.As the proverb says，正如谚语所说的，
4.It has to be noticed that…必须注意到…
5.It's generally recognized that…普遍认为…
1. It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.
很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展
2. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.
在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理.
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……
我无法完全同意这一观点
4.As far as I am concerned/In my opinion……
就我而言……
5. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……
最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……
Firstly Secondly FinallyFirst Second LastFirst of all, in the second place, last but not the least
一、引出开头 1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（ 就我所知…） 2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注） 3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今,人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题） 4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色,它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题） 5：With the rapid development of science and technology,more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展,越来越多的人认为……） 6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……） 7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……） 8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...） 二、表达不同观点 1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异,有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……） 2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解） 3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异） 4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同） 三、表示结尾 1：In short, it can be said that……（总之,他的意思是……） 2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的,我们可以得出结论……） 3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑,我们自然可以得出结论……） 4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此,我们最好的出这样的结论……） 5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点） 6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之,我们没有……无法生活,但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题） 四、提出建议 1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了） 2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问,对……问题应予以足够重视） 3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然,如果我们想要做么事,很重要的是……） 4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样,我们才能……） 5：Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的） 五、预示后果 1：Obviously,if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险） 2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,否则我们很可能会……） 3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展） 六、表示论证 1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来,支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理) 2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点） 3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……） 4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……） 5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后,坦率地说,还有另外一个实际的原因……） 七、给出原因 1：The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...） 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third,…….这一现象存在有很多原因的,第一……第二……第三…… 3：For one thing,…… For another thing,…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面…… 4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述,即…….其主要原因如下. 八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法 1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…… 2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言,…… 3;It is obvious that……很显然…… 4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的,但这并不意味着…… 5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的,但我们不应忽视…… 6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明…… 九、表示好处和坏处 1：It has the following advantages.它有如下优势 2：It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处 3:It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处 十、表示重要、方便、可能 1：It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是…… 2：It plays an important role in our life. 十一、采取措施 1：We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施 2：We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难 3：We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做…… 4：We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难 十二、显示变化 1：Some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化 2：Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化 3：It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到… 4：The output of July in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15% 十三、表明事实现状 1;We cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实…… 2：No one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实…… 3：This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 4:becloselyrelatedto~~（与...息息相关） 十四、进行比较 1：Compared with A,B……与A比较,B…… 2;I prefer to read rather than watch TV. 十五、常用英语谚语 1：Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩 2：All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子 3：All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马 4：A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半 5：Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊 6：A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘,差之千里 7：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母 8:Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母 9:It is never too old to learn.活到老,学到老 10:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量 11:Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事,只怕有心人