物流运营发表论文外文版

第三方物流 Third-Party Logistics A third-party logistics provider (abbreviated 3PL) is a firm that provides outsourced or "third party" logistics services to companies for part, or sometimes all of their supply chain management function. Third party logistics providers typically specialize in integrated warehousing and transportation services that can be scaled and customized to customer’s needs based on market conditions and the demands and delivery service requirements for their products and materials.Types of 3PL providersHertz and Alfredsson (2003) describe four categories of 3PL providers:[1]Standard 3PL provider: this is the most basic form of a 3PL provider. They would perform activities such as, pick and pack, warehousing, and distribution (business) – the most basic functions of logistics. For a majority of these firms, the 3PL function is not their main activity. Service developer: this type of 3PL provider will offer their customers advanced value-added services such as: tracking and tracing, cross-docking, specific packaging, or providing a unique security system. A solid IT foundation and a focus on economies of scale and scope will enable this type of 3PL provider to perform these types of tasks. The customer adapter: this type of 3PL provider comes in at the request of the customer and essentially takes over complete control of the company’s logistics activities. The 3PL provider improves the logistics dramatically, but do not develop a new service. The customer base for this type of 3PL provider is typically quite small. The customer developer: this is the highest level that a 3PL provider can attain with respect to its processes and activities. This occurs when the 3PL provider integrates itself with the customer and takes over their entire logistics function. These providers will have few customers, but will perform extensive and detailed tasks for them. [edit] Non Asset-based Logistics ProvidersThis 3PL performs duties such as quoting, booking, routing, and auditing, but doesn't need to own warehousing facilities, vehicles, aircraft, or any other transportation assets. This type of 3PL may possess only desks, computers, and freight industry expertise.To be useful, this type of provider must show its customers a benefit in financial and operational terms by leveraging exceptional expertise and ability in the areas of operations, negotiations, and customer service in a way that complements its customers' preexisting physical assets.[edit] On-Demand TransportationOn-Demand Transportation is a relatively new term coined by 3PL providers to describe their brokerage, ad-hoc, and "flyer" service offerings.On-Demand Transportation has become a mandatory capability for today's successful 3PL providers in offering client specific solutions to supply chain needs.These shipments do not usually move under the "lowest rate wins" scenario and can be very profitable to the 3PL that wins the business. The cost quoted to customers for On-Demand services are based on specific circumstances and availability and can differ greatly from normal "published" rates.On-Demand Transportation is a niche that continues to grow and evolve within the 3PL industry.Specific modes of transport which may be subject to the on-demand model include (but are not limited to) the following:FTL, or Full Truck Load Hotshot (direct, exclusive courier) Next Flight Out, sometimes also referred to as Best Flight Out (commercial airline shipping) International Expedited [edit] Fourth-party logisticsFourth-party logistics (4PL), Lead Logistics Provider or 4th Party Logistics, is a term coined by global consulting firm Accenture:“ A 4PL is an integrator that assembles the resources, capabilities, and technology of its own organization and other organizations to design, supply chain solutions. ” of their supply chain management function. A 4PL uses a 3PL to supply service to customers, owning only computer systems and intellectual capital.[2]It has been argued that a 4PL is the same thing as a Non Asset-Based 3PL.第三方物流(Third-Party logistics,3PL)，也称作委外物流(logistics outsourcing) 或是合约物流(contract logistics),第三方物流一直是物流和供应练管理中最容易被误解的名词。第三方物流目前没有公认的定义，不过原则在於，某"专门公司"提供另一家公司(比方说制造商)一项或多项的物流功能。 (如仓储、对外运输)知名的第三方物流供应商包DanzasAEI、Exel Logistics、Menlo Logistics、Penske Logistics等...第三方物流公司需具备下列几点： 1.与使用者之间备有正式的合约，期限至少一年 2.强调双方关系式，而非交易式。 3.强调双方的利益以及客制化的可行性。 4.与客户维持长期的关系。 5.会主动寻求可能的政策和实务物流系统也可像互联网般，促进全球化。在贸易上，若要更进一步与世界连系，就得靠良好的物流管理系统。我们手上的商品很多是『游历』各国后才来到的。原料可能来自泰国，加工可能在新加坡，生产却在台湾，最后才入口到美国。产品的「游历」路线就是由物流师决定，目标就是要快且低开销。物流师 (Logistician）即是负责物流系统管理的专才。物流师就是一个专家，地位与会计师、律师、医生或工程师同等。

国际物流管理论文范文篇二 论国际贸易与国际物流的关系 [摘 要]国际物流是指两个或两个以上国家之间进行的物流活动。它是随着国际贸易的发展而逐渐发展起来的。目前，国际物流的发展程度已经成为影响国际贸易发展的重要的因素。同时，国际物流的发展为国际贸易提供了良好的环境，并为国际贸易的发展制造了诸多有利条件，如今国际贸易的飞速发展是与国际物流的日渐增长密不可分的。国际贸易的成长需要国际物流的支持，如果国际物流的发展滞后，则国际贸易的发展程度会受到严重影响。本文对国际物流和国际贸易之间的关系进行了简要讨论。 [关键词]国际贸易 国际物流 关系 一、国际贸易的产生是国际物流产生的基础 我们这里讲的国际物流是跨越国界的，是两个或更多家之间的一种物质流动，它在一定程度上可以理解为国内物流的延伸和扩展。既然国际物流是多个国家之间的活动，那么从这个角度出发，我们可以把国际物流作为一种特殊形式的国际贸易来看待，并在经营过程中服务于国际贸易，它为国际贸易提供了一定的服务活动。因此，不难看出，国际贸易的发展使得国际物流得以产生并发展。没有国际贸易，也就没有国际物流。 1.国际贸易的产生促进了国际物流的产生和发展 国际贸易活动是国际物流存在的前提条件，同时国际物流的存在也是国际贸易活动得以顺利进行的保证。假象若没有国际物流，则不同国家之间则不能进行商品交换活动，进而国际贸易则不复存在。因此要想进行国际贸易，国际物流就会必然产生。从这个角度理解，国际贸易的产生推动了国际物流的发展。如今，国与国之间的贸易活动日趋频繁并日趋复杂，在这样的环境下，国际贸易对国际物流体系提出了更高的要求，它要求国际物流要实现专业化、一体化等更高的技术标准。众所周知，国际物流以前仅把货物从一国物理性转移到另一国，如今的国际物流已发展成集采购、运输、搬运及配送等为一身的综合性服务系统。因此我们可以说，国际贸易的产生促进了国际物流的产生，并刺激其向更高的服务体统前进与发展。 2.国际贸易的飞速发展高效促进了国际物流技术的进步与发展 从专业角度讲，物流技术指的是两个或多个对象间进行物流活动时所采用或涉及到的方法及理论，以及活动中应用的设备、装置等的总称。如今，国际贸易活动飞速发展，其涉及领域越来越广泛，难度越来越大，这要求物流技术要与时俱进，因此国际贸易的发展在一定程度上对企业的物流管理以及预测等活动提出了更高的要求，这个要求极大地促进了物流技术的改革与创新，成为物流技术进步的内在重要原因。随着国际贸易的发展，各个国家之间以及各个地区之间在市场上展开了激烈的市场竞争。无容置疑，产品的质量在消费者眼中永远占据第一重要的位置，但是，价格的影响却不容忽视。价格的优势会极大提升产品在市场中的竞争地位，从而使得企业获得巨大利润。因此国际贸易中，要求活动从各个方面最大限度地降低成本，这包括产品原料价格、运输价格以及库存费用等。这些所有的环节都要求物流技术的高度发展与协调。可以看出，在国际贸易活动日渐发达的推动下，国际物流的技术有了巨大发展和进步。 3.国际贸易的飞速发展对国际物流技术提高了更高、更新的要求 进入21世纪以来，人类对于物质层次的要求有明显提高，这个一方面使得国际贸易活动日趋频繁，并取得了长远的发展：首先，全球各国之间的贸易交往迅速增长;其次，贸易产品的种类飞速增长。另一方面，人类对于物质要求的日渐激烈使得国际贸易的结构有了本质上的变化。原来，国际贸易的主体以初级产品和初级原料为主，现在正在过渡到以附加值以及精密加工产品等为主。因此我们可以看出，国际贸易的发展对国际物流的技术、效率以及管理等都提出了更高更新的要求。 4.国际贸易的发展对国际物流的发展趋势有明显的影响 现在，国际贸易已经发展为买方，市场上众多的贸易商采取了少量而多样的贸易方式，这是为了迎合消费者日趋个性的产品需求，在这种情况下，国际贸易中产生了一种特殊的配送方式，那就是高额度但小批量的配 送方式。在西方一些发达国家，这种特殊的配送 物流方式已经渐具雏形，并形成规模，在现在这种情况下，此种模式的物流方式有很大的前景。随着消费者趋向的改变，国际贸易商的买卖趋向已经发生明显改变，其对物流经营的方式已逐渐向集约化、电子化、系统化以及绿色化方向 发展。由此，国际贸易活动的长足进步必将推动国际物流在各个方面的突破与发展。如今， 世界各国之间的来往越来越密切，这必将会掀起国际物流行业的另一个高潮，也必将会给国际物流行业以更大的推动力。 二、完善的国际物流系统是国际贸易顺利进行的保障 国际物流是随着国际贸易发展而产生的。然而从产生后，它便开始了独立的发展，且发展越来越壮大，并且国际物流不断发展的同时也对国际贸易产生了非常深远的促进作用。 在跨国贸易中，货物的转移会带来国际物流量的上升，从而极大的促进了国际物流的发展。而在这其中，就要求国际物流为货物的运输、仓储、装卸、信息传输等各个环节过程中提供方便，以更好的方式来进行贸易。现代国际物流中的科技手段越来越多，这些科技手段能够使得物流活动中的信息迅速且准确的进行反馈，从而能够使得企业第一时间按照消费者的意愿生产出产品，并迅速的将产品传递到消费者手中，这样的环节极大地提高了服务水平，并刺激了消费者的消费需求。通过在供应链以及各个企业之间的资源共享，这样产品的流通周期会大大缩短，使得物流配送速度得以加快。另外，通过集成物流渠道、物流功能、物流环节以及制造环节，从而使扩大物流的服务，使之系列化，并且现在物流的规范作业，这样物流在贸易过程中出现的送货不及时、延迟交货以及货物损坏等不可控制的风险等都会大大降低，便利了各国企业间的贸易。然而，效率低下的的物流体系会日渐发展成为国际贸易的障碍，从事国际贸易需要巨大的流通费用，这在很大程度上会抵消其所带来的利益。 一般说来，物流系统由运输、储存保管、包装、装卸搬运、流通加工、配送、物流信息等组成，各个要素通过各自功能的发挥，有机而合理的实现物流系统的正常运作。物流在货物的国际运输转移过程中相对于国内的运输要复杂的多，此时对系统内部各个功能的要求也会更高。例如在运输中，同国内物流运输相比，国际运输要涉及更为广泛的环节，且这些环节要要复杂的多，线长面广，风险也大，总之，情况更为复杂。国际运输的主要途径包括：海运、空运、陆运、管道以及多式联运等。在国际运输过程中我们要对其方式进行合理的选择，确定最优方式以及最优路线，最后对所选方式进行合理而有效的分配与 管理。在整个过程中，物流企业会用到多种不同的运送工具，并采取不同的运送方式，中间还有可能要进行多次的装卸和搬运，这样的话，就会与世界各国的 保险公司、货主、海关、银行和各种中间代理人有着不可或缺的 联系。而由于各国的 政治、金融货币制度以及法律制度存在明显差异，从而就会增加可变的因素，因此一旦其中一个环节发生问题，其整个物流的效率都会受到极大的影响。 现在全球化的市场竞争越来越激烈，贸易中的多数产品都开始了由买房市场向买方市场的过渡与转变。贸易商关注的重点成为如何更快、更好的满足消费者个性的需求。针对这个方针，国际贸易中的产品和服务体系向着更多样化和定制化的方向发展。国际贸易中，生产商往往把零件进行标准化，并进行一定规模的 经济管理，当贸易商得知消费者的需求后，可通过对物流中零件的加工，实现客户多样化、个性化的消费需求。如今越来越高效的物流技术及物流服务系统为国际贸易的不断发展提供了坚实的保障，它使得世界各国参与贸易获得的利益大为提高，并使得越来越多的非贸易品向着贸易品的方向转变着。同时，很多企业为了实现成本最低化，他们从世界各个国家和地区进购低成本的零部件和原料，在此基础进行组装和重组，最后把成品销往世界各地。据了解，跨国企业之间的销售和采购在国际贸易中占据着巨大比重，且呈现明显上升趋势。 完善的国际物流系统是国际贸易顺利进行的保障，由上面讨论我们可以看到，国际物流技术及服务系统已经逐渐成为影响国际贸易发展的不可忽视的重大因素。国际物流技术的发展可明显改善国际贸易的 环境，并为国际贸易活动提供诸多便利条件。因此，国际贸易的飞速发展是与国际物流技术及服务系统的完善密不可分的。 总结： 国际贸易与国际物流相铺相成，本文中的讨论表明了国际贸易的产生是国际物流产生的基础，同时国际物流的完善又是国际贸易能够顺利进行的前提保证。我们可以得出结论：国际贸易的发展与国际物流的发展互为因果，并互相产生着反馈作用，不过，由资料可知，国际贸易对国际物流的促进作用相对于国际物流对国际贸易的支撑作用要稍大。当今，北美、欧洲以及日本是世界贸易活动最为频繁的几个区域，其繁荣的贸易活动促进了世界物流 组织的发展，我国应以他们为榜样，充分发展物流技术，为我国的贸易活动提供可靠的基础保障。 参考文献： [1]杨长春.[J].国际商务，2007,(10) [2]段虹宇.国际物流与国际贸易[J].物流工程与管理,2010,(08) [3]孔原.国际物流与国际贸易关系的实证研究[M]. 沈阳工大学报,2010,(10) [4]李永生.国际物流成本对国际贸易的影响[J].国际经济观察，2006,(05) 看了“国际物流管理论文范文”的人还看： 1. 国际物流论文范文 2. 物流管理期末论文范文 3. 浅谈物流管理毕业论文范文 4. 3000字物流管理论文范文 5. 物流论文范文大全

一个优秀的企业，应该把主要的精力放在企业的关键业务上，充分发挥其优势，同时与全球范围内的合适的企业建立战略合作关系。企业中非核心业务比如物流管理可以由合作企业来完成，企业通过物流业务外包，可以获得比单纯利用内部资源更多的利润,以及竞争优势。本课题正是在此背景下，通过借鉴国内外有关研究成果，分析国内外企业物流外包的发展现状和存在问题，主要从物流服务需求方的角度，定性分析和定量分析、理论分析和实证分析相结合，希望能对我国物流业发展过程中有关物流业务外包的理论问题与实践课题进行初步地讨论、探索。 21世纪的今天，随着专业物流经营理论的成型，企业物流外包已经成为研讨问题的热点之一。已经有越来越多的企业将自己的物流业务委托给第三方物流公司来完成。但是，我们还是应该清醒地认识到我国企业物流外包的发展与国外发达国家相去甚远，制约我国企业物流外包发展的机制因素也有其特性，因此如何正确认识我国企业物流外包现状，无论是从理论还是实际工作中都值得探讨研究。 一、我国物流费用支出状况 我国物流费用支出状况不容乐观，主要表现在费用支出庞大，具体体现在以下几方面： 1.物流费用支出高 据世界银行的推测，美国的物流成本占整个GDP的9%左右，而中国的物流成本占整个GDP的25%。此外，我国的物流成本一般占总成本的30%～40%，鲜活产品占60%左右甚至更多。而发达国家一般将物流成本控制在总成本的10%左右。 2.库存大，成本高 由于我国物流速度缓慢，长期以来大量库存成了吞噬利润的“虎口”。目前，工业企业历年累计的数万亿巨额库存不仅难以消化，而且新生的库存商品仍在增加。我国生产企业的原材料库存期、生产企业成品库存期和商业企业商品库存期分别为20天、51天、34天。而美国汽车、电子产品和零售企业商品的库存时间仅为12天。据估计，我国的库存商品与GDP的比例高达6.8%，而国际公认的库存商品与GDP的比例发达国家一般不超过1%，发展中国家不超过5%。 3.资金周转速度低 落后的物流和巨大的库存占压资金，从整体上看我国企业资金周转极其缓慢。我国的生产企业和商业企业的流动资金周转速度为1.2次/年和为2.3次/年。而相比之下，建立了现代物流体系日本的生产企业和商业企业的流动资金周转速度为8次/年和16次/年。一些知名的跨国连锁商业企业如沃尔马、家乐福、麦得龙等流动资金周转速度达到了20-30次/年。 4.效率低，物耗高 我国传统的物流状态是“大而全”、“小而全”的小作坊式经营方式，是一种分散、低效、高耗的物流组织形式，各种物流方式互不关联，物流工程中的物资消耗相当惊人。在传统的物流框架下，一件商品从生产出来到最终的消费环节，至少要被搬动、装运几十次。如果实现了社会化的多式联运、一单到底，物流过程中的物耗可以大幅降低。 二、我国物流外包市场现状 我国物流外包市场目前尚未成熟，供需关系极不稳定。以下是根据中国采购与物流联合会完成的全国第四次物流调查资料得出的一些结论。 1.我国企业物流外包市场需求现状 (1)物流外包需求市场潜力巨大，增长较快，第三方物流业有较大发展空间；大多数企业物流需求量处于增长状态，即时性的服务需求也将增多。 (2)物流业务外包需求存在着明显的地域和行业分布特点。从地域上看目前需求主要来自东部沿海经济发达地区；从行业上看，电子、烟草、医药等行业生产和流通企业的平均物流量小于机械及原材料行业企业。 (3)生产企业自营物流的比例偏高，导致物流业务外包的有效需求还不足。企业物流供应一般都由企业自身或供货方来承担，第三方物流公司承担的较少，据统计我国生产企业原材料、生产企业成品、商业企业等的物流外包所占比例分别为15%、47%、47%。 (4)物流外包需求企业对物流服务需求的层次还不高，服务需求仍集中在传统仓储、运输等基本服务上。生产企业的外包物流主要集中在干线运输，其次是市内配送；商业企业的外包物流一般依次集中在市内配送、仓储、干线运输等。 (5)物流服务企业目前的信息化程度还不够，难以满足需求企业要求下的整个系统无缝链接，从而达到物流运作的高效率的目标。 2.我国企业物流外包市场供给市场现状 我国企业物流外包市场供给市场现状可以说是物流供给能力有效利用率不高，资源浪费、物流服务水平有待进一步提升。 (1)我国物流服务企业规模普遍偏小，500人以上的企业仅占20%左右。并且拥有的物流设施设备及其能力也较弱。 (2)我国许多生产和流通企业拥有并保留着自己的运输、仓储、装卸服务物流设施，生产企业和商业企业自身拥有汽车车队、仓库、机械化装卸设备的比例分别为53%和70%、59%和80%、34%和25%，自我物流服务依然是工商企业获得物流服务的重要来源。由此造成企业的运输供给能力还没有达到运输需求规模及网络分布要求，生产企业和商业企业的车辆空驶率平均高达34.70%和38.50%；同时物流企业的仓库供给能力有余，但效率不高，生产企业和商业企业库房平均利用率为78.50%和76.40%。总之现有的功能性物流企业，运作供给能力要大于物流市场需求。 (3)从数据来看，物流服务企业的作业能力，以及作业质量能够满足市场的需求，统计显示物流企业的单据准确率为97%、配送及时率为92%、货损率为2%。 (4)物流信息系统建设情况有了较大改善，信息建设受到物流企业的重视，拥有物流信息系统的企业比例已经提高到接近60%。 三、影响物流外包的主要因素 1.出于制度和观念的阻碍,其主要表现为以下几点: (1)内部员工的抵制: 企业物流外包是对企业的内部业务流程重组，企业某些员工目前从事的工作很可能会被第三方物流所取代，这也就意味着企业将解雇大批员工,这对企业的管理者来说意味着一个不小的风险。 (2)缺乏认识:第三方物流行业相对来说还很年轻,尤其是在中国,一些领先的物流公司只有不到10年的历史。许多企业还没有认识到供应链管理在企业竞争中的巨大作用。 (3)害怕失去控制:企业担心，当企业过于依赖第三方物流服务商,却无法控制或影响他们的时候,物流活动的失控可能阻碍核心业务与物流活动之间的联系而降低用户满意度。此外,企业还需要在长期依赖某一个第三方物流服务商和依赖多个第三方物流服务商之间权衡。长期依赖某一个第三方物流服务商会对其资本投资、效率提高具有潜在的好处,但同时又会使其滋生自满情绪而让企业难以控制。为了便于控制,企业应该选择多个第三方物流服务商,但是这种短期行为又会令企业的成本提高或服务质量降低。 2.物流外包业务有其自身的复杂性 首先，供应链物流业务通常和公司其他业务,如财务、营销或制造集成在一起,物流外包业务本身就很复杂。对一些实际业务,包括运输和仓储的集成可能会带来组织上、行政上和实施上的一系列问题。其次，公司内部信息系统的集成性特点,使得把物流业务交给第三方物流公司来运作变得很困难。最后，准确地衡量物流成本对信息技术和人力资源的影响比较困难。很难确定物流外包业务到底能够给企业带来多少潜在的成本好外。 3.第三方物流市场的不成熟也使我国的物流外包举步维艰 在国内，第三方物流市场相对较新,因此行业发展中难免所存在许多不规范的地方。比如第三方物流公司的内部管理失控，在其短期利益的驱使下，尚未树立提供优质服务的经营理念。更有在具体外包细节，以及工作范围划分不明确，第三方物流公司却没能在客户要求的时间内去完成,或者只是为完成而完成,并没有认真对待。 四、对我国物流外包市场健康发展的展望 尽管物流业务外包在近阶段得到迅猛发展，但是未来我国物流外包市场的健康可持续发展必须注意解决好以下几方面的问题。 1.提高物流服务供应方服务水平 这些物流服务方企业必须通过自身成本的降低来优化客户的物流成本，提高运作管理水平，加强规范化管理，明确物流服务供应方的工作范围，要在服务质量、响应速度和费用等多方面争取满足物流需求方的要求。 2.培养专业的物流人才 美国著名物流专家Jack Roser认为：在处理外包时，专业物流顾问与技术工人一样，他的作用比企业领导更重要，合格的顾问能够给项目带来许多领导所不知的东西，他需要去管理维护公司项目设计规划的过程、提供物流需求，以及项目数据，而这些事情常常与外包的成败相关联。企业领导仅仅扮演监督员的角色，如果缺乏具有项目设计和作业操作技能的专业人才，那么，外包营销将无从谈起。 3.供需双方建立有效的协调交流机制 企业的物流外包决策是一个复杂的过程，需求企业与物流服务商的合作也是一个长期磨合的过程，需要双方经常进行信息交流，加强沟通，出现问题及时解决。 总结 在全球正在掀起外包旋风的同时，物流外包在我国却还没有能够引起足够的重视。整个社会的物流效率低下、物流费用惊人。我国已经加入世界贸易组织，外资企业蜂拥而至，如果仍旧保持现状维系大而全的局面，将很难面对来自外国竞争对手的竞争。我国生产及商业企业应该转变观念，认识到物流业务外包的迫切性，及时整合自身优秀的资源，这样才能够增强企业的核心竞争力。 参考文献： [1]孙有望:现代物流导论.同济大学出版社 [2]马士华林勇:供应链管理.机械工业出版社 [3]吕一林:美国沃尔玛一世界零售第一.中国人民大学出版社 [4]董千里:高级物流学.人民交通出版社 [5]胡左浩:现代物流与供应链管理.经济管理出版社 [6]李洁:外包的经济学分析.管理科学文摘 [7]中国物流市场第四次调查报告.物流技术与应用，2003

Analysis of the development of third-party logisticsLogistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance. Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company. According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention. First, the advantages of using a third-party logistics The use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core business Manufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises. 2, cost-saving Professional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower. 3, reduction of inventory Third-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages. 4, enhance the corporate image Third-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition. Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics managementThe purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers. Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer service purposes. Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to: 1, resistance to change Many companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, were Flow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awareness For third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in the competition. 3, fear of losing control As a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies. 4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexity Supply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate. 5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factors Accurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability. Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy. China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows: 1, operating model At present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises. 2, the lack of storage or transport capacity The primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problems There are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises. 4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position. Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of enterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities. 这是我找的一篇关于第三方物流的外文文献，出处不详，没找到...