设计类英文发表论文有哪些

你好， foreknown下文从工业设计属性出发，讲到发展进程，立法权益保护还有产品设计的相关内容，字数有限，希望能多给你参考，期望能帮得上你。Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of mass-produced products may be improved for marketability and production. The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of form, usability, user ergonomics, engineering, marketing, brand development and sales.The term "industrial design" is often attributed to the designer Joseph Claude Sinel in 1919 (although he himself denied it in later interviews) but the discipline predates that by at least a decade. Its origins lay in the industrialization of consumer products. For instance the Deutscher Werkbund, founded in 1907 and a precursor to the Bauhaus, was a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass-production techniques, to put Germany on a competitive footing with England and the United States.Definition of industrial design Water kettle designed by Peter Behrens in 1909 A Braun stereo Vox Phantom guitar, 1962General Industrial Designers are a cross between an engineer and an artist. They study both function and form, and the connection between product and the user. They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement, but they can affect technical aspects through usability design and form relationships. And usually, they partner with engineers and marketers, to identify and fulfill needs, wants and expectations.In Depth "Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer" according to the IDSA (Industrial Designers Society of America).Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words. Instead, the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted (but intentionally unspecific) definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state." This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts, whose state stands to be improved.According to the (Chartered Society of Designers) design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity. Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix (TM) determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do. Within these genes the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and specific competences determine the designer as an 'industrial designer'. This is normally within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three dimensional product that is produced in quantity. However the definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial process.According to the ICSID, (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design) "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic exchange."Process of designAlthough the process of design may be considered 'creative', many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative product research, model making, prototyping and testing. These processes can be chronological, or as best defined by the designers and/or other team members. Industrial Designers often utilize 3D software, Computer-aided industrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to production. Product characteristics specified by the industrial designer may include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics. Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production process, choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered production costs and more appealing products. However, some classic industrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering: the iPod, the Jeep, the Fender Stratocaster, the Coke bottle, and the VW Beetle are frequently-cited examples.Industrial design also has a focus on technical concepts, products and processes. In addition to considering aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of objects, usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns such as seduction, psychology, desire, and the emotional attachment of the user to the object. These values and accompanying aspects on which industrial design is based can vary, both between different schools of thought and among practicing designers.Product design and industrial design can overlap into the fields of user interface design, information design and interaction design. Various schools of industrial design and/or product design may specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges (product styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior design, to schools where aesthetic design is almost completely subordinated to concerns of function and ergonomics of use (the so-called functionalist school）。Industrial design rightsIndustrial design rights are intellectual property rights that protect the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft.Under the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs, a WIPO-administered treaty, a procedure for an international registration exists. An applicant can file for a single international deposit with WIPO or with the national office in a country party to the treaty. The design will then be protected in as many member countries of the treaty as desired. Design rights started in the United Kingdom in 1787 with the Designing and Printing of Linen Act and have expanded from there.LegislationsIndiaIndia's Design Act, 2000 was enacted to consolidate and amend the law relating to protection of design and to comply with the articles 25 and 26 of TRIPS agreement. The new act, (earlier Patent and Design Act, 1911 was repealed by this act) now defines "design" to mean only the features of shape, configuration, pattern, ornament, or composition of lines or colours applied to any articlewhether in two or three dimensional, or in both forms, by any industrial process or means, whether manualal or mechanical or chemical, separate or combimed, which in the finished article appeal to and are judged solely bt the eye; but does not include any mode or principle of construction.CanadaCanada's industrial design act affords ten years of protection to industrial designs that are registered; there is no protection if the design is not registered. The Industrial Design Act (R.S., c. I-8) defines "design" or "industrial design" to mean features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the eye.During the existence of an exclusive right, no person can "make, import for the purpose of trade or business, or sell, rent, or offer or expose for sale or rent, any article in respect of which the design is registered." The rule also applies to kits and substantial differences are in reference to previously published designs.United KingdomIn addition to the design protection available under Community designs, UK law provides its own national registered design right and an unregistered design right. The unregistered right, which exists automatically if the requirements are met can last for up to 15 years. The registered design right can last up to 25 years subject to the payment of maintenance fees。United StatesU.S. design patents last fourteen years from the date of grant and cover the ornamental aspects of utilitarian objects. Objects that lack a use beyond that conferred by their appearance or the information they convey, may be covered by copyright -- a form of intellectual property of much longer duration that exists as soon as a qualifying work is created. In some circumstances, rights may also be acquired in trade dress, but trade dress protection is akin to trademark rights and requires that the design have source significance or "secondary meaning." It is useful only to prevent source misrepresentations; trade dress protection cannot be used to prevent others from competing on the merits.Product designProduct design can be defined as the idea generation, concept development, testing and manufacturing or implementation of a physical object or service. Product Designers conceptualize and evaluate ideas, making them tangible through products in a more systematic approach. The role of a product designer encompasses many characteristics of the marketing manager, product manager, industrial designer and design engineer.The term is sometimes confused with industrial design, which defines the field of a broader spectrum of design activities, such as service design, systems design, interaction design as well as product design.[citation needed] The role of the product designer combines art, science and technology to create tangible three-dimensional goods. This evolving role has been facilitated by digital tools that allow designers to communicate, visualize and analyze ideas in a way that would have taken greater manpower in the past.Skills neededProduct designers are equipped with the skills needed to bring products from conception to market. They should have the ability to manage design projects, and subcontract areas to other sectors of the design industry. Aesthetics is considered important in Product Design but designers also deal with important aspects including technology, ergonomics, usability, stress analysis and materials engineering.As with most of the design fields the idea for the design of a product arises from a need and has a use. It follows a certain method and can sometimes be attributed to more complex factors such as association and telesis. Also used to describe a technically competent product designer or industrial designer is the term Industrial Design Engineer. The Cyclone vacuum cleaner inventor James Dyson for example could be considered to be in this category (see his autobiography Against The Odds, Pub Thomson 2002).ApplicationSome companies or individuals have particularly strong feel for developing new products than others. In the modern world these include especially technological companies like iRobot, Google or Nokia. Many product designers are strategic assets to companies that need to maintain a competitive edge in innovation.

工业设计 Industrial Design 帮楼主找了些很全面的资料哦，英文版本华文版本 designIndustrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production. The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of engineering, usability, marketing, brand development and sales.Definition of industrial designGeneralIndustrial Designers are a cross between a mechanical engineer and an artist. They study both function and form, and the connection between product and the user. They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement. And usually, they partner with engineers and marketers, to identify and fulfill needs, wants and expectations.In Depth"Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer." According to the IDSA (Industrial Design Society of America)Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words. Instead, the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted (but intentionally unspecific) definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state". This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts, whose state stands to be improved.According to the (Chartered Society of Designers) design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity. Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix (TM) determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do. Within these genes the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and specific competences determine the designer as an 'industrial designer'. This is normally within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three dimensional product that is produced in quantity. However the definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial process. Industrial design is rapidly becoming an obsolete term as 'products' can now be industrially produced as 'one-offs' by the use of Rapid Prototyping Machines. In a post-industrial era and with the emergence of strategic design definitions such as this are incumbering designers and the advancement of design practice.According to the ICSID, (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design) "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic exchange.Process of designAlthough the process of design may be considered 'creative', many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative product research, model making, prototyping and testing. These processes can be chronological, or as best defined by the designers and/or other team members. Industrial Designers often utilize 3D software, Computer-aided industrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to production. Product characteristics specified by the industrial designer may include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics. Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production process, choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered production costs and more appealing products. However, some classic industrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering: the iPod, Coke bottle, and VW Beetle are frequently-cited examples.Industrial design has no focus on technical concepts, products and processes. In addition to considering aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of objects, usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns such as seduction, psychology, desire, and the sexual or affectionate attachment of the user to the object. These values and accompanying aspects on which industrial design is based can vary, both between different schools of thought and among practicing designers.Product design and industrial design can overlap into the fields of user interface design, information design and interaction design. Various schools of industrial design and/or product design may specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges (product styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior design.Also used to describe a technically competent product designer or industrial designer is the term Industrial Design Engineer. The Cyclone vacuum cleaner inventor James Dyson for example could be considered to be in this category (see his autobiography Against The Odds, Pub Thomson 2002).Industrial design rightsIndustrial design rights are intellectual property rights that make exclusive the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft. Under the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs, a WIPO-administered treaty, a procedure for an international registration exists. An applicant can file for a single international deposit with WIPO or with the national office in a country party to the treaty. The design will then be protected in as many member countries of the treaty as desired.

品牌包装设计应从商标、图案、色彩、造型、材料等构成要素入手，在考虑商品特性的基础上，遵循品牌设计的一些基本原则，如：保护商品、美化商品、方便使用等，使各项设计要素协调搭配，相得益彰，以取得最佳的包装设计方案。如果从营销的角度出发，品牌包装图案和色彩设计是突出商品个性的重要因素，个性化的品牌形象是最有效的促销手段。 （一）包装图案的设计 包装图案中的商品图片、文字和背景的配置，必须以吸引顾客注意为中心，直接推销品牌。包装图案对顾客的刺激较之品牌名称更具体、更强烈、更有说服力，并往往伴有即效性的购买行为。它的设计要遵循的基本原则： 1．形式与内容要表里如一，具体鲜明，一看包装即可知晓商品本身。 2．要充分展示商品。这主要采取两种方式，一是用形象逼真的彩色照片表现，真实地再现商品。这在食品包装中最为流行，如巧克力、糖果、食品罐头等，逼真的彩色照片将色、味、型表现得令人搀涎欲滴；二是直接展示商品本身。全透明包装、开天窗包装在食品、纺织品、轻工产品中是非常流行的。 3．要有具体详尽的文字说明。在包装图案上还要有关于产品的原料、配制、功效、使用和养护等的具体说明，必要时还应配上简洁的示意图。 4．要强调商品形象色。不只是透明包装或用彩色照片充分表现商品本身的固有色，而是更多地使用体现大类商品的形象色调，使消费者产生类似信号反映一样的认知反映，快速地凭色彩确知包装物的内容。例如万宝路烟盒上身采用暗红色，下身是纯白色，色彩搭配醒目、突出，使人联想到西部牛仔的阳刚之气。烟盒上方饰有烫金的菲利浦?莫里斯公司的标志：两匹骏马护卫着一顶金色王冠，再加上黑色的Marlboro商标，更使人觉得万宝路气度不凡。 5．"石门家族"式的包装，要将其重点体现在包装的主要展销面。凡一家企业生产的或以同一品牌商标生产的商品，不管品种、规格、包装的大小、形状、包装的造型与图案设计，均采用同一格局，甚至同一个色调，给人以统一的印象，使顾客一望即知产品系何家品牌。 6．要注意功效设计。包装图案中的功效设计主要表现在以下方面： ①保护性能设计，包括防潮、防霉、防蛀、防震、防漏、防碎、防挤压等。 ②方便性能设计，包括要方便商店陈列，销售；方便顾客携带、使用等。 ③推销性能设计，即无需销售人员的介绍或示范，顾客只凭包装画面文图的"自我介绍"就可以了解商品，从而决定购买。 包装图案的设计手法，则要求以其简单的线条、生动的个性人物、搭配合理的色彩等给消费者留下深刻的印象。以苏格兰威士忌酒中的皇家礼炮21为例。该酒是经过21年精心酿制而成的，用蓝、红、绿三种颜色的宫庭御用精制瓷瓶盛装，瓶身上刻有持剑跨马的圆桌骑士形象，品牌商标图案上有两架礼炮，并配有苏格兰威士忌协会颁发的21年酒龄的鉴定证明，整个包装显得典雅、富贵。以至于有的人喝完酒后，将酒瓶细心地收藏起来。 包装图案设计禁忌也是一个值得注意的问题。不同的国家和地区有不同的风俗习惯和价值观念，因而也就有他们自己喜爱和禁忌的图案，产品的包装只有适应这些，才有可能赢得当地市场的认可。包装图案设计禁忌可分为人物、动物、植物和几何图形禁忌几种。这里不多赘述。 （二）包装色彩设计 色彩在包装设计中占有特别重要的地位。在竞争激烈的商品市场上，要使商品具有明显区别于其他产品的视觉特征，更富有诱惑消费者的魅力，刺激和引导消费，以及增强人们对品牌的记忆，这都离不开色彩的设计与运用。 日本色彩学专家大智浩，曾对包装的色彩设计做过深入的研究。他在《色彩设计基础》一书中，曾对包装的色彩设计提出如下八点要求： 1．包装色彩能否在竞争商品中有清楚的识别性； 2．是否很好地象征着商品内容； 3．色彩是否与其他设计因素和谐统一，有效地表示商品的品质与份量； 4．是否为商品购买阶层所接受； 5．是否是较高的明视度，并能对文字有很好的衬托作用； 6．单个包装的效果与多个包装的叠放效果如何； 7．色彩在不同市场，不同陈列环境是否都充满活力； 8．商品的色彩是否不受色彩管理与印刷的限制，效果如一。 这些要求，在商品包装的色彩设计的实践中无疑都是合乎实际的。随着消费需求的多样化、商品市场的细分化，对品牌包装设计的要求，也越来越严格和细致起来。为了更准确地掌握不同种类商品包装色彩设计的不同要求，我们可以将生活消费品划分为三大类别，分别提出色彩设计的具体要求： 第一类，奢侈品。如化妆品中的高档香水、香皂以及女性用服饰品等；男性用如香烟、酒类、高级糖果、巧克力、异国情调名贵特产等。这种商品特别要求独特的个性，色彩设计需要具有特殊的气氛感和高价、名贵感。例如法国高档香水或化妆品，要有神秘的魅力，不可思议的气氛，显示出巴黎的浪漫情调。这类产品无论包装体型或色彩都应设计得优雅大方。再如，男人嗜好的威士忌，包装设计要有18世纪法国贵族生活的特殊气氛，香烟包装设计要求有一种贵族的气质感。健牌特（KENT）香烟的烟盒遍体为白色，一座白色的古城堡耸立在一片白色之中，再配以金光灿烂的"KENT"商标，会使人联想起古老的城堡里的贵族生活。骆驼牌（CAMEL）香烟盒的底色是淡黄色，暗喻广阔的沙漠。背景图案上的金字塔和棕桐树代表古老的东方，给人一种神秘的和原始的感觉。这类商品的包装都应给人一种高价名牌的感觉。国内的"茅台酒"、"五粮液"、"沪州老窖"、"中华烟"、"云烟"等极品包装，也在设计上开始向国际名牌看齐。 第二类，日常生活所需的食品，例如罐头、饼干、调味品、咖啡、红茶等。这类商品包装的色彩设计应具备两点特征：（1）引起消费者的食欲感；（2）要刻意突出产品形象，如矿泉水包装采用天蓝色，暗示凉爽和清纯，并用全透明的塑料瓶，充分显示产品的特征。目前国内这一类型的产品以广东的食品、饮料、矿泉水等较为成功。 第三类，大众化商品，如中低档化妆品、香皂、卫生防护用品等。这类商品定位于大众化市场，其包装色彩设计要求：（1）要显示出易于亲近的气氛感；（2）要表现出商品的优质感；（3）能使消费者在短时间内辨别出该品牌。翻译：Brand packaging design should trademark, the design, color, shape, materials, consider elements in commodity characteristics, on the basis of the following a few basic principles of brand design, such as: protection products, beautification, convenient use, goods that the design elements, harmonious collocation, to obtain the best packing design scheme. If from marketing Angle, brand packaging design and color design is outstanding personality factor, the goods of individuation brand image is one of the most effective means of sales promotion.(a) packaging design of designThe commodity packaging design, text and background images of configuration, must to attract customers attention as the center, the direct selling brand. Packaging design for customer brand name of stimulating than more concrete, more intense, more convincing, and often associated with the purchase behavior that effect. Its design should follow the basic principles:1 form and content, specific to a bright, commodity packaging can be known.2 to fully display products. It mainly adopt two ways, one is using image lifelike color photograph, real ground emersion goods. The most popular in the food packaging, such as chocolate, candy, canned food, vivid color photos will be color, taste, shape with a performance that is about to drip saliary, Second is the direct show commodity itself. Fully transparent packaging, packaging in food, textiles KaiTianChuang, light industry products are very popular.3 to have specific details of the text. In the packaging design of products have on raw materials, preparation, use and maintenance etc, the specific instructions, when necessary, still should match on concise schemes.4 should emphasize merchandise image. Don't just transparent packaging or with color photographs show commodity itself, but the natural color to use more reflect categories of commodity is tonal, make consumers image reflected signals of similar, fast with cognitive reflects the packaging color assurance. Such as red, the body USES marlboro cigerrat case, who is pure white color collocation, smart, reminiscent of cowboy Yang gang. The above cigerrat case with bronzing Phillip? Mark: two morris horse in a golden crown guards, plus the black Marlboro trademark, make the person feels Marlboro noble.5. "the family" shimen packaging, will the focus embodies in the main sales package. Every one of the enterprise in the same brand trademark or production of goods, regardless of the varieties, specifications, packaging, packaging of size, shape modelling and designs, all the same pattern, even the same color, give a person with unified impression, make customer looked at how knowledge product that brand.6 should pay attention to the function design. The design of packaging design main effect in the following aspects:1 protection performance design, including the moistureproof, mouldproof and moth-proofing, shockproof, leakproof, broken, extrusion etc.Convenient performance design, including 2 convenient stores display, sales, The convenience of our customers, use, etc.3 sales performance design, namely no sales personnel introduction or demonstration, and only by customers in figure "packaging picture can introduce", thus decided to buy goods.Packaging design, the design methods for its simple lines, lively personality, reasonable collocation of colour to the consumer impressed. The royal Scottish whisky to salute 21 for example. Wine is made by 21 years carefully, blue, red, and green color palace royal porcelain, refined engraved with the sword across the body of the knights of the horse, the brand trademark logo image has two salute, and equipped with scotch whisky association awarded the age of 21 years wine, appraisement, appear elegant. That some people drink alcohol, will be collected carefully bottles.Packaging designs is a noteworthy taboo. Different countries and regions have different customs and values, and also have their own love and taboo of design, product packaging only adapt to these, it will be possible to win the local market acceptance. Packaging designs can be divided into tabu characters, animals, plants and geometry are taboo. Here small etc.(2) the packaging color designColor in packaging design occupies an important role. In the fierce competition in the market, to make the goods with obvious difference in visual features, the other products more rich tempt consumers charm, stimulate and guide consumption, and strengthen the memory of brand, without colorific design and application.Japanese expert of colour of packaging, big ZhiHao of color design had in-depth research. In his book "the color design basis for packaging, proposed the following eight color design requirements:1 in the packaging color can be clearly competition recognition,2 if well symbolizes commodity content,3 if colour with other design factors effectively, harmonious and unified quality and quantity of the goods said,4 if accepted for commodities purchased class,5 if higher MingShi degree, and can have very good foil characters;6 a single package and multiple packaging folded.when effect,7. In different markets, different color display environment are full of vigor,8. The goods are not whether colour printing color management and the limit, the effect.These requirements, the colour of commodity packaging design in the practice are practical undoubtedly. With the consumption demand of diversification, commodity market differentiation, brand packaging design requirement, also more and more rigorous and careful. In order to accurately grasp the different kinds of different commodity packaging color design requirements, we can be divided into three categories of consumer goods are put forward, color design requirements:The first kind, luxury. If the high-grade perfume, cosmetics soap and women use garment; etc. Men with such as cigarette, wine, senior sweets, chocolate, rare and exotic emotional appeal. This special requirement unique individual character, color design has special atmosphere and high, rare. E.g. cosmetics, high-grade perfume or mysterious charm, incredible atmosphere, showing the romantic emotional appeal in Paris. This kind of product regardless of color or size package should be designed and elegant. Be like again, men's hobby whisky, packaging design should have the 18th century French noble life special atmosphere, cigarette packaging design requirements have a noble temperament. KENT attractions (iv) of cigarettes, a white white was the ancient castle stands in a white, match again with golden "KENT" trademark, can make a person associate with old castle of noble life. CAMEL (CAMEL) of cigarette background is flaxen, implying the vast desert. On the background of the pyramid and palm trees represents the ancient Oriental, give a person a kind of mystery and original feeling. This kind of commodity packaging should give a person a kind of high brand sense. Domestic "maotai", "wu liang ye", "Shanghai", "the old cellar state", "clouds" cigarette packaging, also in such gourmet design began to international brand.Second, the daily life of canned foods, such as needed, biscuits, spices, coffee, tea, etc. This kind of commodity packaging color design should have two characteristics: (1) the appetite of consumers, (2) for outstanding product image, such as water, implied by sky-blue packed with cool and pure, transparent plastic bottles, fully displays the characteristics of the products. At present domestic this type of products in guangdong food, drink, mineral water relatively successful.The third kind, popular commodities, such as cheap soap, cosmetics, health protection products, etc. For this kind of commodity market, its mass located in packaging color design requirements: (1) to show the intimate atmosphere, (2) should show commodity quality sense, (3) can make consumers identify within short time the brand. 查到的求好评

绘画与设计关系的几点思考 内容摘要:文章通过分析绘画与设计的使命、特点、异同与发展等,客观、深刻、科学地阐述了两者的关系。 关 键 词:绘画 设计 使命 关系 画家与设计师有时会引发一些争议。有的认为,绘画与设计同属美术,只要有绘画功夫,搞设计是不成问题的;而另一种观点是:仅仅靠绘画的功底去从事设计是远远不够的。因此,有必要认真思考绘画与设计两者的使命,理清它们之间的种种关系,这对艺术设计教育与实践等具有建设性意义。 一、 绘画与设计的特点、使命、区分 绘画与设计虽然同属创造性活动,但具有各自的特点和使命。 具体说来,绘画具有被观赏的特征,反映的是思想意识、精神生活、情感宣泄和美感体现等,因此,绘画是非物质、非功利、非实用主义的。创新是绘画的生命,并且通过个性化体现来实现,古今中外每一位杰出的绘画大师都创作过极为个性化的作品,展现了自己的典型风格和特征。画家们(尤其是现代派画家),为了表现出作品的生命力,根据自己的愿望,在技能、材质与工具的应用上随心所欲,可以完全不考虑其作品被不被人理解、欣赏、接纳或认可。在这方面,凡·高是一位典型的大师,他创造了大量极作,但在当时未能被人们广泛接受。 而设计具有鲜明的实用价值,设计的产生、发展是与商业行为结伴而来的,是随着商品经济的激烈竞争而出现的。设计体现的是多层次的理性思考,是在设计理念和功能体现的前题下,通过科学技术、材料、工艺、机械加工等工业化的生产综合水平,生产出各类产品,最终满足全社会消费者生存所必不可少的物质需求与精神需求。因此,设计是物质性、功利性和实用性的,是不能完全凭感觉去完成的,而更需要接受和服从广大的消费者的消费需求、文化品位与生活习惯。例如,各类电器从设计到生产,再从市场到消费者的使用,整个过程体现了设计需要考虑各种因素如设计、策划、市场、消费、生产、成本、企业文化、品牌、设计思潮、设计风格和流行趋势等问题,寻找最佳的表达方法,把设计师的构想变成消费者能够接受和采纳的现实。 二、绘画与设计的异同 绘画与设计属于美术两大分支,它们之间有着相同之处,都是属于创造性活动,但也有本质的区别,二者之间的关系属于两个不同性质行业之间的关系,具体体现在以下几个方面。 首先,绘画与设计在工艺制作和实现方式上存在着区别。绘画虽然是一门艺术,但整个绘画作品的产生和制作过程是属于纯手工艺的,观者看到画面上的点、线、面、体和真实的肌理或质感,都是画家手工制作的,因此,绘画中手工操作的技术含量占重要比例。完成一幅绘画作品实际上是完成一种思维过程,即通过某种技法去实现某种意念,那么,怎样才能使这种思维的实现成为可能?在这里技术所包含的材料、技巧等起到了决定性的作用。例如,油画是通过以油为结合剂的油性颜料,用特定的技法,将构想画在布面或其他材料上;国画是用毛笔蘸上墨等水溶性颜料,以特有的笔法,将构想画在宣纸、帛以及其他材料上。但对设计产品来说,在实现方式上是通过脑力劳动的创造与大工业机器生产相结合来完成的,如今科技的进步和电脑的产生,给设计业带来了划时代的变化,设计作品的产生方式更加体现了机器的智能化、系列化,机器的重要性越来越明显。 其次,绘画与设计在商品经济中的地位是不同的。 对于绘画而言,是非商品化的(商业绘画除外),画家们强调的是自身的感受、意念、风格和精神内涵,如现代绘画更是创新观念独特,其个性表露和情感发泄更加强烈,使人惊讶不已,画家不会考虑其绘画能否让观者接受,更不去考虑绘画在商品经济中的地位。但设计是一项为他人服务的活动,具有物质性、功利性和实用性,并与商界有密切联系。如果说消费者和顾客是上帝的话,那么设计师就得屈服于他们的“上帝”,这是应该遵循的原则。设计者必须使他的产品具备使用价值与审美价值,去满足消费者的种种需求,赢得他们的信任与满意,最后通过市场竞争,使之实现畅销。因此,设计在商品经济中的地位是举足轻重的。 三、绘画与设计的联系 虽然绘画与设计之间存在着各种差异,但不能否认绘画与设计这两个同属于一根藤的瓜,有着千丝万缕的联系。如:早期绘画与设计的起源在艺术规律和基本特征上有着很大的相似性。又如,具备必要的绘画知识及审美能力,对于设计教学和设计实践尤为重要。在设计教学中,学生应具备必要的绘画知识,才能表达各类形态的造型,并能提高形象思维能力、抽象思维能力、抽象表现能力、对形态的审美能力等。这就意味着素描教学有很重要的地位,学生的绘画是从基础素描开始的,随后再通过设计素描、设计草图、设计效果图等课程的学习进行绘画的进一步训练。这些课程在培养学生从设计基础向设计专业过渡和衔接上起到关键性作用,是培养学生的设计意识及设计表达能力不可缺少的重要环节。在设计实践中,更是离不开绘画,如果一个从事设计的人不懂得绘画,那是寸步难行。这是因为:第一,在设计前期,也就是在想象和构思阶段,绘画(绘制草图)可以帮助捕捉灵感;第二,成熟的设计意念需要通过绘画得到具体表达,传达给他人。 绘画与设计也将随着时代的前进而发展。我国的绘画将继续在国际性的巨大风格差异中摸索和试验,探索新的道路,将绘画的时代性、民族性、当代性放在第一位,开创中国绘画的国际地位与影响,这对设计领域也是一个很好的促进;在设计教育方面,我国将实行素质教育,它是一种综合教育方式,涉及到社会、人文、科技,具有跨学科意义,使学生得到设计方向、设计商务、设计策划等多途径的教育,这对绘画观念的更新有着巨大影响。 结语 绘画与设计,就好比是“一根藤上的两个瓜”,是不可分割的。只有正确理解绘画与设计的起源与奥秘、特点与使命、异同与对比、整合与发展等,才能对两者的关系有客观的、深刻的、科学的认识,这对提高教学的质量、打造时代所需要的设计人才,弘扬中国元素与民族精神,摘掉中国设计师只会拷贝的帽子,具有建设性意义。