joanna0727
Big span structure of FRP network analysis and forecastAbstract: this article will introduce a new big span structure, FRP netting structure. In a FRPWWS structure, high intensity of FRP materials like Chinese bamboo weaving of bamboo is a planar formation in the mesh network, the periphery of the structure of the anchorage in a JuanXing beam, the structure of the center for the anchorage netting another within the parameters. Threads on knitting production structure on the initial stress and advance within the parameters of surface movement to meet additional tension of various load resistance. Due to the high FRP materials, materials - weight ratio of this new form for some big span structure of space construction provides an attractive option, the span longer than conventional structural materials building span. In this paper, firstly introduces the basic structure of FRPWWS simple steps, then layout and construction illustrates three basic types of weaving structure, but also put forward some changes this way. This paper introduces a simple mechanical model for the mechanical deformation of FRP single, also gives an example of the structure of the finite element analysis process.A, introductionFRP is a new type of structural materials, in recent years in civil engineering research is very active. Because he has some good performance, such as corrosion, light weight, high strength, good fatigue resistance and low cost of maintenance, it was thought to be built in new century building long-span structure of ideal, but it is in some aspects of the traditional mechanical properties and structure of the material or have obvious difference, such as its various heterosexual phenomenon. Due to the uniqueness of FRP materials, the effective use of FRP materials and traditional building materials can span, it is necessary to study the new big span structure. Maeda et al. (2002) is built with the idea of FRP materials 5000 metres of suspension bridge spanIn this paper, the FRP netting structure of a kind of brand-new big span structure. This new structure form in a large span to try to effectively use the roof of FRP material performance. In FRPWWS structure, high intensity of FRP compiling Chinese traditional bamboo as the same are woven into a bamboo plane mesh structure. This mesh structure parameters on the anchoring outside outside, the structure of the center and a smaller parameters used in anchorage ribbon. Figure 1 is a small FRPWWS structure model. "Weave" to ensure the smooth of FRP materials at first, to the extent of FRP weave on the prestressed concrete. Then, through the surface movement within the parameters of FRP netting, to pull through the process of prestressing tendons tensile or may have certain parameters including the gravity. Therefore, the FRP nets formed a with two parameters of large-span roofs, the FRP nets set stiffness can resist all sorts of load.FRPWWS structure similar to the cable networks or cable retinal structure: they constitute part is flexible, By stretching and caused to resist geometric stiffness of load. However, FRPWWS structure has its unique advantages: (1) the weight of FRP materials of low and vertically superior materials properties are effective utilization and transverse weaknesses, but not exposed in the structure of large span of FRP system is ideal, (2) the interchange of FRP plait will produce the huge damping, thereby strengthening structural anti-seismic capability, (3) there are rules of netting modelling makes surface is beautiful, (4) due to corrosion and gravity small installation and maintenance costs low.This paper introduces a simple FRPWWS structure of the basic layout and construction steps. The plane was roughly threads for three. Also puts forward some practical application examples of the FRPWWS space. Proposes a used nets in the mechanical model of single FRP. Finally describes a simple analysis of finite element method FRPWWS examples.Second, simple FRPWWS layoutA summary of FRP netting structure includes a FRP weaving, used to anchor the outer ring beam and inner beam and one for the extra gravity tension loading or a group of prestress reinforcement, as shown in figure 1.Nets are woven from article by FRP, also recommend guest FRP or other high-performance carbon fiber hybrid woven article. Carbon fiber FRP in recent years is widely applied to high strength concrete structure of new materials, it is usually made by extrusion, including fiber to 65%. By China and the Swiss production of two kinds of representative products performance data in table 1 shows prosperity.Due to the density of woven material, small and easy to be bent and uncoiling. A standard of performance such as table 1 similar carbon materials can withstand FRP greater than or equal to 400KN tension, while a 300m long this strip 70kg less weight. As compared to the same intensity has more than 300m wire 500kg weight.These woven article according to certain spacing is arranged in an appropriate form of plane. One of the most simple weaving method is a belt, and the other by vertical band, to make up like a fabric of net surface. This type of netting structure can see figure 2 partial screenshots. But in most cases, the number of under-colunm crossing-beam in between each other and the Angle, is the main measure of netting style; Every two ribbon to 90 ° fellowship as shown in figure 3 (a), three little is 60 ° belt in the intersection, as shown in figure 3 (b), as shown in figure 3 (c) and the four ribbon 45 °. At intersections, when fully forming available to all the attached agglutinate FRP interoperability or no adhesion between which can slide freely. In the example, behind will introduce to the static friction between the weaving of the stiffness and static load under dynamic loading sliding friction can consume the kinetic energy大跨度FRP网架结构的展望和分析 摘要：本文将会介绍一种新的大跨度结构，FRP织网结构。在一个FRPWWS结构中，高强度的FRP材料条像中国竹席中的竹片一样被编织在一起形成一个平面网，这个网状结构的外围锚固在一个圈形的梁上，结构的中心处还有一个用于锚固织网的内圈梁。织网结构靠编织生产时的初步预施加应力和内圈梁面外运动引起的附加张力调整来抵抗遇到的各类荷载。由于FRP材料的具有较高的材料-重量比，这种全新的结构形式为一些大跨度的空间建设提供了一种具有吸引力的选择方案，该跨度长于用常规结构材料建筑的跨度。在本文中，首先介绍了简单的FRPWWS结构的基本布局和施工步骤，接着阐明了三种基本的织造结构，同时也提出了此类结构方式的几种变化。文中介绍了一个简单的力学模型用于单个的FRP条力学变形，也给出了一个实例结构的有限元分析的过程。 一、 引言 FRP是一种新型的结构材料，近年来在土木工程中的研究很活跃。由于他具有一些良好的性能，如抗腐蚀，重量轻，强度高，抗疲劳性好以及维修费用低，它被认为是在新世纪建造大跨度结构的理想建材，但是它在某些方面的机械性能与那些传统的结构材料还是有明显的区别，譬如它的各项异性现象。由于FRP材料的独特性，为了FRP材料的有效使用以及获得传统建材所不能及的跨度，有必要研究新型的大跨度结构。Maeda et al.(2002)就设想了用FRP材料建造跨度5000米的悬索桥。 本文提出了FRP织网结构结构，一种全新的大跨度结构形式。这种新的结构形式旨在试图在一个大跨度的屋顶中有效利用FRP材料的性能。在FRPWWS结构中，高强度FRP编制像中国传统竹席中的竹片一样被编织成一个平面网状结构。这个网状结构的外沿锚固在外圈梁上，结构的中心处还有一个较小的内圈梁用于锚固织带。图1所示既是一个小型FRPWWS结构模型。为保证进行“编织”时FRP材料条的平直，首先要对FRP编织条施加一定程度的预应力。然后，通过内圈梁的面外移动来拉动FRP织网，施加预应力的过程可以通过预应力筋拉伸或在内圈梁设一定的重力来达成。 因此，受拉的FRP网形成了一个带有两个圈梁的大跨屋面，该FRP网的集合刚度能抵抗各种荷载。 FRPWWS结构类似于索网或索网膜结构：他们的构成部分是灵活多变的；并且靠拉伸引起的几何刚度来抵抗各种荷载。然而，FRPWWS结构有其独特的优点：（1）FRP材料自重低且纵向上优越的材料性能被有效利用，而横向上的弱点却没有暴露出来，因此在超大跨度的结构中FRP系统是理想的；（2）FRP编条的交汇处会产生巨大的阻尼，从而加强结构抗风抗震能力；（3）有规则的织网造型会使表面比较美观；（4）耐腐蚀并且由于自重小安装和维护成本低。 本文详细介绍了一个简单的FRPWWS 结构的基本布局和施工步骤。织网的平面被大致的归为三类。同时提出了一些实际应用的空间FRPWWS的例子。提出了一个用于网中单一FRP条的力学模型。最后描述了有限元法分析一个简易FRPWWS的例子的结论。 二、 简单FRPWWS的布局 一个简易的FRP织网结构包括一张FRP编织网、用于锚固的外环梁和内环梁还有一个用于张紧的额外重力荷载或一组被施加预应力的筋，如图一所示。 网是由FRP条编织成的，也客人推荐使用碳纤维FRP或其他的高性能混杂纤维类编织条。碳纤维FRP是近年来被广泛应用于高强度混凝土结构的新型材料，它通常由挤压制造，含纤维比例达到65%。由中国和瑞士生产的两类代表产品繁荣性能资料可见表1。 编织条材料由于密度小而易被弯曲和盘绕。一根标准的性能如表1相似的碳纤维FRP材料可以承受大于等于400KN的拉力，同时一根300m长的这种长条重量少于70kg。作为对比同等强度的300m钢缆自重已经超过500kg了。 这些编织条按一定的间距被编排在一个合适形式的平面上。最简易的编织方法之一就是一根带子与经过的垂直的其他带子上下交错，来制造一个像织物一样的网面。这种类型的织网结构的部分截图可参看图2。但大部分情况下，编织条在交叉点处的数量和互相之间的角度，才是衡量织网样式的主要标准；每两根织带以90°相交如图3（a）所示，三条织带在一点呈60°相交如图3（b）所示，还有图3（c）所示的四条织带的45°相交。在交叉点处，当完全成型后可用附着粘合使FRP条全部互交或不进行粘合使其相互之间可以可以自由滑动。在后面的例子里，会介绍编织条之间的静摩擦有助于静荷载下的刚度而滑动摩擦可消耗动态荷载下的结构动能。
奈奈小妖精
Fire FightingAlong with the our country economic development rapid development, the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement, the city uses to be day by day anxious, urges the building to face the direction is developing. This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification, and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging, proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher, a stricter request. In order to guarantee the people life and property the security, the fire auto-alarm system design has become in the high level civil construction design one of most important design contents. Presently based on the author fire of auto-alarm system design overseeing work in the high level civil building experience, proposed in present national related standard and standard unclear true detail shallow opinion, by for the colleagues to discuss and to point out mistakes.First, design basis The fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work, at the same time also has the very strong policy-type. Therefore, first should be clear about the following design basis: 1st, must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard, the system design standard, the equipment manufacture standard, the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations, and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard positive word: "Must", "be supposed", "to be suitable", "may" and the reverse side word: "Strictly prohibits", "should not", "not have", "not to be suitable" the meaning.2nd, must aim at high level civil building function, use and the protection object fire protection rank, earnestly carries out the present national related standard and the standard, earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval opinion.Second, fire auto-alarm system equipment establishmentFire detector establishmentOpens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage, and each 2 ~ 3 establish a fire detector.The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search coverage, specially front the room and the lift well, the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow, is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention, therefore should install the fire detector. Regarding common elevator in front of room although is not the personnel disperses , but this front room and the lift well are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow, suitably alone divides the search coverage and installs the fire detector. The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns, for this, "the high level civil construction design fire protection standard" and "the civil construction electricity design standard" separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable shaping. But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation, the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential, and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separation request, each 2 ~ 3 or each level installs.The elevator machine room should install the fire detector, its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle; Its two elevator machine room has has the fire risk; Its three lift well existence essential opens the hole, like the level gate opens between the hole, the air vent, the between permanence opens the hole with the elevator machine room or the pulley and so on; Its four when has the fire, the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel, is easy to threaten the elevator machine room the facility. Therefore, the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary, crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift well.2nd, the manual fire reports to the police the button establishment(Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, should report to the police the button first choice spot as the establishment manual fire. In addition, the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the button.In the public active place (including hall, hall, dining room, multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place, the personnel very is all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee "to a manual fire which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters".3rd, the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishmentThe aisle, the hall, the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should press in these public places "to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot" and "in the aisle last should not be bigger than 12.5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance" the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the speaker.The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. In front of the common elevator the room also should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. Disperses the stair hall also is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with the fire prevention, also the sounds of people are confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker, by favors the fire emergency broadcast to disperse the instruction.4th, fire alarm installment establishmentThe establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system, the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment, but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire, uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to the fire correlation region transmission warning, stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time, the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the instruction.The fire alarm installment establishment position, the author thought should report to the police the button position with the manual fire to be same, its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 1.8 meters highly5th, fire special use telephone establishmentInstalls the fire special use telephone extension telephone, should be located the engine room which related also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant, spare electricity generation engine room, matches substation, mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room, discharges fume engine room, fire prevention elevator machine room and other), the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room, the fire duty officers observation room, the security manages spot and so on public room. Sedan of theater box the fire elevator and in the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone, requests the elevator machine room and the elevator sedan theater box, the elevator machine room and the fire control room, the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone system. Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration plate (including position indicator, direction indicating lamp, to speaks correspondence telephone, trouble lamp and so on), in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case controls.Is equipped with the manual fire to report to the police position and so on button, fire hydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone receptacle.Third, fire linkage control 1st, the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open, to stop, also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the malfunction. When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button, its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp). 2nd, the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens, stops, also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display, reports to the police the valve, the safety signal valve working mode active status. In addition, to the basin, the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down, the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the condition. 3rd, the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function, should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific stipulation.Fourth, fire auto-alarm system wiringIn order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line severance, causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on, creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression electronmagetic interference (for example transformer, electric motor, electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm system. The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable, and should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable, its electric cable also should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. Uses Ming Fushi, should takes the fire protection protective measures on the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking.Fifth, concluding remarkThe author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience, elaborated the design basis, fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment, fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions, its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality, discovered early and the notification fire, prevented and reduces the fire to harm, by protects the person and the property safety.消防 随着我国经济发展快速发展，人民生活的水平不断提高，城市使用是每天着急，敦促建设面临着发展的方向。这种高层次的民间建筑维修所需的材料和方式也更加多样化加快，而且随着使用电力负荷和煤气消费量扩大，提议消防自动报警系统设计较高，更严格的要求。为了保证人民生命和财产的安全，消防自动报警系统的设计已经成为在高级别民间建筑设计的一个最重要的设计内容。目前的基础上撰文火灾自动报警系统设计监督工作的高层次的民间建设的经验，建议在目前国家相关标准和标准不清楚真正详细浅见解，为同事们的讨论，并指出错误。 首先，设计依据 火灾自动报警系统的设计是一家专业非常强的技术工作，同时还具有很强的政策性。因此，首先应明确以下设计依据： 第一，必须紧紧抓住的建筑设计防火标准，该系统的设计标准，标准的设备制造，安装施工审批标准和管理的法律和规章等五大方面的消防法律法规，并在实际了解国家有关本标准和标准积极字： “必须” ， “必须假定” ， “不适合” ， “可能”和反面词： “严格禁止” ， “不应该” ， “没有” ， “不适合“的含义。 第二，必须着眼于高层次的民间建筑的功能，利用和保护对象的防火等级，认真开展本标准和国家有关标准，认真对待公安防火监督部门的审批意见。 其次，火灾自动报警系统设备的建立 建立火灾探测器 要么全打开的印章或楼梯大厅应单独划分搜索范围，每个2 〜 3建立火灾探测器。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防前面房间烟雾楼梯大会堂来用场）和过道应区分单独划分搜索范围，特别是前面的房间，以及电梯，分散楼梯大厅和走道都是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾比较容易收集或流动，是人员分散保存目标与防火，因此，应该安装火警探测器。关于共同电梯前室虽然不是人员分散，而且这方面的空间和良好的电梯是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾也很容易被收集或流动，适当地划分为单独的搜索覆盖面和安装消防探测器。 电缆轴因此很容易形成掏出烟炎症渠道，拥有火灾时的火强度不容易延伸沿电缆燃烧，为此， “高级别民间建筑设计防火标准”和“民用建筑电气设计标准“分别提出了详细具体的规定，在建筑和在电线或电缆塑造。但认为具体实施的难度和目前的情况下，电缆竖井安装了火灾探测器是非常必要的，坐标轴的防火分隔要求，每2 〜 3或每一级安装。 电梯机房应安装火灾探测器，它的电梯是重要的垂直交通工具，其两个电梯机房已具有火灾危险性，其存在的三个基本解除以及打开洞，像打开闸门的水平之间的球洞，在气孔，持久的关系打开了洞与电梯机房或滑轮等，其时，有四个火，升降机以及往往成为火灾强度传播渠道，很容易危及电梯机房设施。因此，电梯机房建立了火灾探测器是必要的，也适用于皇冠建立火灾探测器举井。 2 ，手动火警报警按钮建立 （包括防前面的烟雾楼梯大厅鉴于各层前房间前面的房间，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时人员驱散节省目标，防火，应立即向警方举报的按钮，首选地点设立手动火警。此外，该室也应建立防火手册的共同电梯前，向警方报案的按钮。 在公共活动场所（包括会堂，礼堂，餐厅，多功能厅等）和主要通道等场所，是所有工作人员非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应立即向警方举报的按钮，在这些公共活动场所主要通道设立手册火灾;该手册规定的火灾中的主要通道报警按钮，以保证“ ，以手动火警最接近报警按钮距离防火区的任何位置不应该超过30米。 “ 第三，消防紧急广播喇叭建立 走道，大厅，餐厅等公共场所的工作人员都非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应该按这些公共场所的“最近的一项发言距离不超过25米的防火保护区的任何位置”和“在走道上不应大于十二点五米扬声器的过道末端距离”建立消防应急广播喇叭;下一步还应当建立消防在公共浴室的地方紧急广播喇叭。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也有分离和防火门的声音，人民的混乱和嘈杂，因此，应建立消防应急广播喇叭。在前面的共同电梯房也应建立消防应急广播喇叭。分散大厅楼梯也已经火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也是人民的声音和嘈杂的混淆，因此应建立消防应急广播喇叭，由主张消防紧急广播驱散指令。 第四，建立火灾报警装置 建立消防应急广播火灾自动报警系统，笔者认为还应该安装消防报警装置，但它的控制程序应该是：该报警器应确认火灾后，利用手动或自动控制模式统一消防相关区域传输预警，报警器停止工作时间的规定，迅速联系消防应急广播和电视节目，并且分散了人们的指示。 火警警报装置建立的立场，笔者认为应该向警方报案的按钮位置的手动火警是相同的，它的墙面安装应为距地面1.8米高度 第五，消防专用电话设立 安装消防专用电话分机电话，应设机房其中也涉及一些人是在工作地点经常与消防联动控制（包括消防给水设备，备件发电机房，火柴变电站，主要ventilates空调引擎室，排放烟气轮机室，防火电梯机房及其他） ，消防控制系统的经营场所或设备的控制室，消防责任人员观察室，现场的安全管理等公共空间。轿车的影院中消防电梯和普通电梯应假设所有使用的特殊电话，请电梯机房和电梯轿车影院中，电梯机房及消防控制室，电梯轿车影院方块和消防控制室等三个成分是可靠的讲通信电话系统。通常在消防控制室;建立电梯监测演示板（包括位置指示器，显示方向灯，以讲信函电话，麻烦灯等） ，以进行必要的电梯在运行状态的监视和紧急情况下的控制。 配备了手动火警报警位置等按钮，消火栓按钮，还应该安装消防专用电话插座。 第三，消防联动控制 第一，消防联动控制应包括控制消防泵开启，停止，也应表现出的按钮，打开泵的位置和消防泵的工作和故障。当消火栓设有消火栓按钮时，其电气安装工程现场也应表现出的消防泵的工作模式有效状态（即建立消防泵工作表明灯） 。 第二，消防联动控制应包括控制喷洒水和水雾化灭火系统打开，停止，也应表现出的消防泵的工作和故障和流利显示，报警阀，安全信号阀工作模式积极的地位。此外，该盆地，水箱水位也应进行示范监测;为了防止检修信号阀关闭，作者认为应该使用带电信号控制信号阀证明它打开条件。 第三，消防联动控制其他控制和示范作用，应进行本标准和国家有关标准的具体规定。 第四，火灾自动报警系统布线 为了防止火灾发生时，消防控制，通信和警戒线遣散，使灭火工作无法进行，造成了更大的经济损失，也为抑制electronmagetic干扰（例如变压器，电电机，电缆等）的影响而产生的火灾自动报警系统。火灾自动报警系统的输电线路和消防控制，通信和预警线应使用被阻燃电缆，并应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。消防手册积极理事分期付款行应使用防火电缆，其电缆也应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。使用明复，应采取防火保护措施的金属管或封闭金属trunking.Fifth ，结论备注 作者取决于具体的项目实施经验，阐述了设计依据，火灾自动报警设计和实际问题，以便建立系统设备，消防联动控制及其接线拿出一些肤浅的意见，其目的是增强了火灾自动报警系统的设计质量，早期发现，并通知消防，预防和减少火灾危害，通过保护个人和财产安全。
啥意思。五年内？有个14年的期刊，算是五年内么？上知网的。加拿大的。你百度jissr就行了。八百一篇。一个月见刊。不限篇幅的。
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