国外发表的能源论文

题目：Geothermal resources 正文：Geothermal resources in the world's oldest energy sources. It is estimated that the total thermal energy of the Earth's interior, about all the coal reserves of about 1.7 billion times. Year from Earth's interior heat loss through the surface, equivalent to 1,000 million barrels of oil burning heat. On geothermal sources, there are several hypotheses. Is generally believed that the geothermal evolution of radioactive elements mainly come from the earth's interior heat release, followed by rotation of the Earth's rotation can be generated and gravitational differentiation, chemical reactions, heat release and other rock and mineral crystal. During the formation of the Earth, the total amount of these heat dissipation of heat over the Earth, an enormous heat reserves, so that partial melting of crustal igneous and metamorphic effect. Basic calculation is now out, the planet's core temperature reaches 6000 ° C, temperature of the bottom crust 900-1000 ° C, the surface layer at room temperature (about 15 meters from the ground) about 15 kilometers of the following, the increase of temperature increased with depth. The average temperature of geothermal is about 3 ° C/100 m rate. Geothermal warming rates in different regions are different, close to the average warming rate is called the normal temperature range, higher than the average warming rate of the region, said geothermal anomalies. Geothermal anomaly area is research and development of geothermal resources of the main target. Crustal plate edge, deep fault and the volcanic belt at the other, is obvious geothermal anomalies. Exploration of geothermal resources survey, the general use of surface geothermal survey, drilling and various geophysical methods. Infrared remote sensing technology in exploration in recent years achieved remarkable results. The late 20th century, the exploitation of geothermal resources were mainly shallow, heat storage, and have a fluid (water or artificial irrigation) lead to heat transfer to the surface of the wet geothermal field. Hot dry rock geothermal resources and low-temperature geothermal fields of wetland research development and utilization in the pilot phase. China, rich in geothermal resources, has a long mining history, past the main advantage of hot spring bath treatment. After 1970, in Guangdong Fengshun, Huailai, Tianjin, and Tibet to have been carried out in thermal power generation, building heating, Agricultural greenhouse heating, warm water breeding, irrigation and other aspects Shi Yan Xing Kaifagongzuo, made some achievements.译文：世界上最古老的能源之一。据测算，地球内部的总热能量，约为全约煤炭储量的1.7亿倍。每年从地球内部经地表散失的热量，相当于1000亿桶石油燃烧产生的热量。 关于地热的来源，有多种假说。一般认为，地热主要来源于地球内部放射性元素蜕变放热能，其次是地球自转产生的旋转能以及重力分异、化学反应，岩矿结晶释放的热能等。在地球形成过程中，这些热能的总量超过地球散逸的热能，形成巨大的热储量，使地壳局部熔化形成岩浆作用、变质作用。 现已基本测算出，地核的温度达6000°C，地壳底层的温度达900－1000°C，地表常温层（距地面约15米）以下约15公里范围内，地温随深度增加而增高。地热平均增温率约为3°C/100米。不同地区地热增温率有差异，接近平均增温率的称正常温区，高于平均增温率的地区称地热异常区。地热异常区是研究、开发地热资源的主要对象。地壳板块边沿，深大断裂及火山分布带等，是明显的地热异常区。 普查勘探地热资源，一般采用地表地热调查、钻探和各种物探方法。近年来红外线遥感技术在勘查中取得显著效果。20世纪末，地热资源的开采对象，主要是埋藏浅、热储量大、有流体（地下水或人工灌水）把热能传引到地表的湿地热田。干热岩地热资源和低温湿地热田的开发利用处在研究试验阶段。 中国的地热资源丰富，有悠久开采历史，以往主要利用温泉洗浴治病。1970年后，在广东丰顺、河北怀来、天津和西藏等地曾进行地热发电、建筑物采暖、农业温室采暖、温水育种、灌溉等多方面试验性开发工作，取得一定成果。