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Fourth, related party transactions of listed companies standardize recommendations China's listed companies on disclosure of related party transactions, and would only require disclosure of related party transactions, related party transactions of the content, quantity, the amount of the transaction, as well as the impact of the company, but the lack of a basis for pricing of related party transactions. The lack of an independent third party (independent director or financial advisor) for the transaction is fair and reasonable opinions. China's related party transactions of the imperfect system of information disclosure, non-normative transactions that can be boring legal loopholes. First, to improve the disclosure of related party transactions of the accounting standards. China's "Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises?? Related parties and its easy to disclosure" provisions of the disclosure of related party transactions should be guided by the principle of importance, but because of the importance of the application of the principle, and more to rely on professional judgments, only the contents of the disclosure guidance, so that there are some companies for some of the more sensitive the disclosure of related party transactions not disclosed. Disclosure standards in determining when the amount of transaction is often used as the basis, rather than related party transactions of an enterprise's financial situation and operating results to determine the extent of the impact that these issues need to be refined system. Associated pricing policy is a key issue, the guidelines only suggest that the pricing policy should be disclosed, but what it does not spell out the pricing policy, some listed companies in the purchase and sale prices are usually linked to disclose "price in accordance with the price of the implementation of the agreement," but the price What is the number of investors still do not know. Therefore, the transaction should continue to improve the relevance of accounting standards, so that rule-based information disclosure. Second, the norms of market intermediaries, intermediary organizations to play a supervisory role. Related party transactions in the most critical factor is the price of related party transactions, capital occupation fee, asset-price factors, such as assessment of prices. And the information disclosed by the end of Certified Public Accountants and other social auditing agency. However, many accounting firms do not regulate the operation, accounting firms from auditing listed companies, often to meet the unreasonable demands of listed companies, listed companies with collusion and reduces audit quality, in order to make use of related party transactions of listed companies transfer profits to open the door. Should further standardize the accounting firms and assets assessment of the operation of firms, to do a good job auditing, assets evaluation of the work of the social intermediary clearance, to ensure the authenticity of information disclosure, the legitimacy and integrity. Third, strengthen law enforcement. Did not comply with the guidelines on disclosure should be punished, on the actual damage has resulted in severe punishment in particular. Controlling shareholder of the corresponding sanctions in the absence of constraints, the use of control over the manipulation of related party transactions, will be more inclined against the interests of the company, causing damage to the interests of small shareholders. To this end, the accounting law: When the company's shareholders forced the company acts contrary to normal business conditions, loss of interest to a third party, the act should bear the responsibility of the consequences. Can learn from international practice, formulate corresponding shareholder derivative litigation system and the controlling shareholder compensation system to protect the interests of small and medium investors. Fourth, the normative relationship between related enterprises. As a result of the development of China's securities market is one of the purposes of service of state-owned enterprise reform, many enterprises listed subsidiary of Holdings listed on the use of such "spin-off market" and associated enterprises do not regulate their own behavior, so that large listed companies with controlling shareholders or a major shareholder of related party transactions between the high frequency. In order to avoid the use of related party transactions of listed companies to manipulate profits, listed in the enterprise restructuring process, should regulate the relationship between related enterprises, the enterprises listed before the change, reorganization of assets should be the supply, production and sales with the integrity of the composition of the system and force the listed companies have a direct market-oriented ability to operate independently. This will significantly reduce the emergence of related party transactions, in order to put an end to improper related party transactions and lay a solid foundation. Fifth, strengthen self-regulatory mechanism. There is no doubt that the economic activities of listed companies are subject to the supervision of the relevant government departments to standardize the operation, but the Government's regulatory role is always after the fact, and the self-regulatory mechanism in a certain extent can be preventive. To be adopted to improve the management of listed companies, especially the quality of senior management so that it not only has a higher management level, but also has a wealth of accounting knowledge; and at the same time it recognizes that related party transactions of listed companies, the State, investors with more negative effects and enhance the awareness of information disclosure; in order to ensure its own compliance with national provisions on information disclosure, so that the disclosure of related party transactions of information more comprehensive, standardized.

A Thesis Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of B. A./B. S. in ***这是标准的学士学位毕业论文的说法，.代表文学学士，.代表理学学士，***处填上专业。

“论文”一词的英文表达很多，通常因场合、用处不同而有不同的表达，下面罗列了几种，请楼主斟酌一下那一种是适合自己。*dissertation（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲：长而正式的论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文；学位论*disquisition专题论文；专题演讲，专题讨论：关于一个论题的正式讨论，常为书面形式*thesis命题论文：尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文*discourse（学术）讨论，研讨用的论文*paper作业形式的，为达到某一目的或效果（如学位）而写的

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论文（Paper）或：dissertation（论文）或：thesis（论文）经常说的：）~Englishdissertation(英语论文)Graduationthesis(毕业论文)

Thesis For Graduation毕业论文Thesis For Academic Degree学位论文Thesis表示比较严肃的文章，是带有一定目的的，研究性的文章。学位论文，研究报告。