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雾都孤儿主题分析论文

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雾都孤儿主题分析论文

。。。自己写吧

对当时社会的控诉,写的就是狄更斯小时候 关于狄更斯和他的小说艺术,心里早有一些想法,趁写这篇前言之便,说出来,就正于广大狄更斯爱好者。 狄更斯生于英国朴茨茂斯的一个贫苦家庭,父亲是个海军小职员,10岁时全家被迁入债务入监狱,11岁起就开始承担繁重的家务,12岁时被迫辍学到鞋油作坊当学徒,饱受侮辱,从而对工人阶级的生活和苦难有所了解,尤其对不幸的儿童产生了深厚的同情。16岁时,他在律师事务所当缮写员,走遍伦敦大街小巷,广泛了解社,后又担任法庭速记员和新闻记者,熟悉了议会政治中的种种弊端。当时他为伦敦几家报纸拟稿。狄更斯发表1836年底的第一部长篇小说、讽刺资产阶级民主虚伪性的〈匹克威克外传〉就取得了惊人的成就,使他一举成名。此后34年中,他共写了十几部长篇小说。24岁时和凯瑟琳女士结婚,由于性格和趣味上的差异,给他的创作,特别是晚年生活带来不幸。他一生除了刻苦写作外还喜欢戏剧,曾亲自参加演出和导演,举办过朗诵会。1870年6月他在写作小说〈艾德温。德鲁德之谜〉时,由于劳累过度,谇然逝世。葬于伦敦斯敏斯特教堂。 狄更斯在小说中无情地揭露和鞭挞了资本主义社会的黑暗和虚伪。1838年和1839年,他发表了〈雾都孤儿〉和〈尼古拉斯。尼可贝〉,描写了资本主义社会穷苦儿童的悲惨生活,揭露了贫民救济所和学校教育的黑暗。狄更斯是英国最伟大的小说家之一,英国现实主义文学的杰出代表,对世界文学有巨大的影响。 《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯第二部长篇小说。这位年仅二十五岁的小说家决心学习英国现实主义画家威廉•荷加斯(William Hogarth,1697一1764)的榜样,勇敢地直面人生,真实地表现当时伦敦贫民窟的悲惨生活。他抱着一个崇高的道德意图:抗议社会的不公,并唤起社会舆论,推行改革,使处于水深火热中的贫民得到救助。正因为如此,狄更斯历来被我国及前苏联学者界定为“英国文学上批判现实主义的创始人和最伟大的代表”。对此,我有一些不同的见解:文学艺术是一种特殊的社会意识形态,它必然是社会存在的反映。但是,我们决不能把反映现实的文学都说成是现实主义文学,把“现实主义”的外延无限扩展。事实上,作家运用的创作方法多种多样,因人而异,这和作家的特殊气质和性格特点密切相关。狄更斯的创作,想象力极为丰富,充满诗的激情,他着意渲染自己的道德理想,处处突破自然的忠实临摹,借用一句歌德的话:它比自然高了一层。这和萨克雷、特洛罗普等坚持的客观。冷静、严格写实的方法有显著的区别。 试以《雾都孤儿》为例,(一)个性化的语言是狄更斯在人物塑造上运用得十分出色的一种手段。书中的流氓、盗贼、妓女的语言都切合其身份,甚至还用了行业的黑话。然而,狄更斯决不作自然主义的再现,而是进行加工、提炼和选择,避免使用污秽、下流的话语。主人公奥立弗语言规范、谈吐文雅,他甚至不知偷窃为何物。他是在济贫院长大的孤儿,从未受到良好的教育,所接触的都是罪恶累累、堕落不堪之辈,他怎么会讲这么好的英文呢?这用“人是一切社会关系总和”的历史唯物主义观点是无法解释的。可见,狄更斯着力表现的是自己的道德理想,而不是追求完全的逼真。(二)在优秀的现实主义小说中,故事情节往往是在环境作用下的人物性格发展史,即高尔基所说的“某种性格、典型的成长和构成的历史”。然而,狄更斯不拘任何格套,想要多少巧合就安排多少巧合。奥立弗第一次跟小偷上街,被掏兜的第一人恰巧就是他亡父的好友布朗罗。第二次,他在匪徒赛克斯的劫持下入室行窃,被偷的恰好是他亲姨妈露丝•梅莱家。这在情理上无论如何是说不过去的。但狄更斯自有天大的本领,在具体的细节描写中充满生活气息和激情,使你读时紧张得喘不过气来,对这种本来是牵强的、不自然的情节也不得不信以为真。这就是狄更斯的艺术世界的魅力。(三)狄更斯写作时,始终有一种“感同身受的想象力”(Sympathetic imagination),即使对十恶不赦的人物也一样。书中贼首、老犹太费金受审的一场始终从费金的心理视角出发。他从天花板看到地板,只见重重叠叠的眼睛都在注视着自己。他听到对他罪行的陈述报告,他把恳求的目光转向律师,希望能为他辩护几句。人群中有人在吃东西,有人用手绢扇风,还有一名青年画家在画他的素描,他心想:不知道像不像,真想伸过脖子去看一看……一位绅士出去又进来,他想:准是吃饭去了,不知吃的什么饭?看到铁栏杆上有尖刺,他琢磨着:这很容易折断。从此又想到绞刑架,这时,他听到自己被处绞刑。他只是喃喃地说,自己岁数大了,大了,接着就什么声音也发不出来了。在这里,狄更斯精心选择了一系列细节,不但描绘了客观事物,而且切入了人物的内心世界,表现了他极其丰富的想象力。他运用的艺术方法,不是“批判现实主义”所能概括的。我倒是赞赏英国作家、狄更斯专家乔治•吉辛(George Giss-ing,1857—1903)的表述,他把狄更斯的创作方法称为“浪漫的现实主义”(romantic realism)。我认为这一表述才够准确,才符合狄更斯小说艺术的实际。 小说的主人公奥利弗。特威斯特,是一名生在济贫院的孤儿,忍饥挨饿,备受欺凌,由于不堪棺材店老板娘、教区执事邦布儿等人的虐待而独自逃往伦敦,不幸刚一到达就误入贼窟。窃贼团伙的首领费金千方百计,企图把奥利弗训练为扒手供他驱使。奥利弗跟随窃贼伙伴“机灵鬼”和贝茨上街时,被误认为他偷了一位叫布朗洛的绅士(恰巧是他父亲生前的好友)的手绢而被警察逮捕。后因书摊老板证明了他的无辜,说明小偷另有其人,他才被释放。由于他当时病重昏迷,且容貌酷似友人生前留下的一副少妇画像,布朗洛收留他在家中治病,得到布朗洛及其女管家比德温太太无微不至的关怀,第一次感受到人间的温暖。窃贼团伙害怕奥利弗会泄露团伙的秘密,在费金指示下,塞克斯和南希费尽心机,趁奥利弗外出替布朗洛归还书摊老板的图书的时候用计使他重新陷入了贼窟。但当费金试图惩罚毒打奥利弗的上时候,南希挺身而出保护了奥利弗。费金用威胁、利诱、灌输等手段企图迫使奥利弗成为一名窃贼,成为费金的摇钱树。一天黑夜,奥利弗在塞克斯的胁迫下参加对一座大宅院的行窃。正当奥利弗准备趁爬进窗户的机会向主人报告时,被管家发现后开枪打伤。窃贼仓惶逃跑时,把奥利弗丢弃在路旁水沟之中。奥利弗在雨雪之中带伤爬行,无意中又回道那家宅院,昏到在门口。好心的主人梅丽夫人及其养女罗斯小姐收留并庇护了他。无巧不成书,这位罗斯小姐正是奥利弗的姨妈,但双方都不知道。在梅丽夫人家,奥利弗真正享受到了人生的温馨和美好。但费金团伙却不能放过奥利弗。有一天一个名叫蒙克斯的人来找费金,这人是奥利弗的同父异母兄长,由于他的不肖,他父亲在遗嘱中将全部遗产给了奥利弗,除非奥利弗和蒙克斯是一样的不肖儿女,遗产才可由蒙克斯继承。为此蒙克斯出高价买通费金,要他使奥利弗变成不可救药的罪犯,以便霸占奥利弗名下的全部遗产,并发泄自己对已去世的父亲的怨恨。正当蒙克斯得意洋洋的谈到他如何和帮布尔夫妇狼狈为奸,毁灭了能证明奥利弗身份的唯一证据的时候,被南希听见。南西见义勇为,同情奥利弗的遭遇,冒生命危险,偷偷找到罗斯小姐,向她报告了这一切。 正当罗斯小姐考虑如何行动时,奥利弗告诉她,他找到了布朗洛先生。罗斯小姐就和布朗洛商议了处理方法。罗斯小姐在布朗洛陪同下再次和南西会面时,布朗洛获知蒙克斯即他的已故好友埃得温。利弗得的不肖儿子,决定亲自找蒙克斯交涉,但他们的谈话被费金派出的密探听见。塞克斯就凶残的杀害了南西。南西之死使费金团伙遭到了灭顶之灾。费金被捕,后上了绞刑架,塞克斯在逃窜中失足被自己的绳子勒死。与此同时,蒙克斯被布朗洛挟持到家中,逼他供出了一切,事情真相大白,奥利弗被布朗洛收为养子,从此结束了他的苦难的童年。为了给蒙克斯自新的机会,把本应全归奥利弗继承的遗产分一半给他。但蒙克斯劣性不改,把家产挥霍殆尽,继续作恶,终被锒铛入狱,死在狱中。邦布尔夫恶有恶报,被革去一切职务,一贫如洗,在他们曾经作威作福的济贫院度过余生。 在这本书中,奥利弗、南希、罗斯小姐都是善良的代表,他们都出生于苦难之中,在黑暗和充满罪恶的世界中成长,但在他们的心中始终保持着一偏纯洁的天地,一颗善良的心,种种磨难并不能使他们堕落或彻底堕落,发而更显示出他们出污泥而不染的光彩夺目的晶莹品质。最后,邪不胜正,正义的力量战胜了邪恶,虽然南希最后遇难,但正是她的死所召唤出来的惊天动地的社会正义力量,正是她在冥冥中的在天之灵,注定了邪恶势力的代表——费金团伙的灭顶之灾。因此在小说中,南希的精神得到了升华,奥利弗则得到了典型意义上的善报。而恶人的代表——费金、蒙克斯、邦布尔、塞克斯无不一一落得个悲惨的下场。书摘: “麻烦!”奥立弗大声说道,“噢!亲爱的小姐,我要是能替你干活就好了。只要能让你高兴,替你浇花或者是看着你的鸟儿,要不就整天跑上跑下逗你开心,怎么都行。” “完全用不着怎么样,”梅莱小姐笑盈盈地说,“以前我跟你讲过,我们有的是事情让你干。那怕你只能做到你答应的一半那么多,你就真的让我非常开心了。” “开心,小姐。”奥立弗叫了起来,“你这么说,你的心真好。” “我不知该有多高兴呢,”少女答道,“一想到我亲爱的好姑妈出了力,把一个人从你向我们描述的那种可悲的苦难中解救出来,这对于我就是一种难以形容的欢乐。又知道她关怀同情的对象也真心诚意地知恩图报,你真的无法想象我有多么高兴。你懂我的意思吗?”她注视着奥立弗沉思的面容,问道。 “呃,是的,小姐,我懂。”奥立弗急切地回答,“可我在想,我已经有点忘恩负义了。” “对谁?”少女问道。 “那位好心的绅士啊,还有那位亲爱的老阿妈,他们过去对我可好呢,”奥立弗答道,“要是他们知道我现在多么幸福的话,他们一定很高兴,我敢保证。” “他们一定会高兴的,”奥立弗的女恩人说道,“罗斯伯力先生真是个好人,他答应,一旦你身体好起来,能够出门旅行,他就带你去看看他们。” “是吗,小姐?”奥立弗高兴得容光焕发,不禁大叫了一声。“等我再一次看到他们的慈祥面容的时候,真不知道会乐成什么样子。” 奥立弗的身体不久就恢复得差不多了,能够经受一次远行的劳顿。果不其然,一天清晨,他和罗斯伯力先生乘上梅莱太太的小马车出发了。车到杰茨桥的时候,奥立弗脸色变得煞白,发出一声高喊。 “这孩子怎么啦?”大夫照例又紧张起来,大声问道,“你是不是看见了什么——听见了什么——感觉到了什么——哦?” “那里,先生,”奥立弗一边喊,一边从车窗里指出去,“那所房子。” “是啊,那有什么关系?停车。在这里停一下,”大夫嚷道,“宝贝儿,那房子怎么了,唔?” “那些贼——他们带我去的就是那所房子。”奥立弗低声说道。 “让它见鬼去!”大夫喊道,“啊哈,在那儿呢!我要下车!” 然而,车夫还没来得及从座位上跳下来,大夫已经想办法从马车里爬了出去。他跑到那所废弃的房子跟前,开始踢门,跟一个疯子似地。 “喂喂?”一个委琐丑恶的驼背汉子猛地把门打开,说道。大夫由于最后一脚用力过猛,险些跌进了过道。“出了什么事?” “什么事!”这一位大吼一声,不假思索地揪住那人的衣领。“事多着呢。打劫的事。” “还会出杀人的事呢,”驼背汉子冷冷地答道,“你要是不丢手的话。你听见没有?” “问我听见没有,”大夫说着,给了俘虏一阵猛抖。“在哪儿——他妈的那家伙,叫什么来着——赛克斯,对了,赛克斯在哪儿,你这个贼?” 驼背汉子瞪大了眼睛,似乎无比惊诧无比愤慨的样子,随后便灵巧地挣脱大夫的手,咆哮着发出一阵可怕的诅咒,往屋子里退去。不过,他还没来得及关上房门,大夫已经二话不说,闯进了一间屋子。他焦急地看了看四周:没有一件家具,没有一样东西,不管是有生命的还是无生命的,能和奥立弗的描绘对得上,连那只食品柜的位置也不对。 “喂,”驼背汉子一直严密注视着大夫,这时说道,“你这么蛮不讲理闯进我家,打算干什么?你是想抢我呢,还是想杀了我?是哪一种啊?” “你莫非见到过一个人乘双驾马车出门杀人抢东西,你这个可笑的老吸血鬼?”生性急躁的大夫说。 “那你想干什么?”驼背问道,“你再不出去,可别怪我不客气了!滚你的!” “我认为合适的时候会走的,”罗斯伯力先生一边说,一边朝另一个房间望去,那个房间和前边那间一样,完全不像奥立弗说的样子。“总有一天我会查到你的底细,我的朋友。” “你行吗?”丑恶的驼子冷冷一笑。“随你什么时候找我,我都在这儿,我在这地方住了二十五年了,一没有发疯,二不是就我一个人,还怕你?你会付出代价的,你会付出代价的。”说着,矮小的丑八怪发出一阵嚎叫,在地上又蹦又跳,像是气得失去了常态。 “真够愚蠢的,这也,”大大暗自说道,“那孩子准是弄错了。喏,把这放进你的口袋,重新把你自各儿关起来吧。”随着这番话,他扔给驼背一张钞票,便回马车上去了。 驼背汉子尾随着来到车门前,一路发出无数最最野蛮的诅咒与怒骂。然而,就在罗斯伯力先生转身和车夫说话时,他探头朝马车里边望去,刹那间瞧了奥立弗一眼,目光是那样犀利,咄咄逼人,同时又是那样凶狠,充满敌意,奥立弗在后来的几个月里,不管是醒来的时候还是睡着了,都始终忘不了。直到车夫回到座位上,那汉子还在不停地破口大骂。他们重新踏上旅途,这时还可以看见他在后边跺脚,扯头发,不知是真是假地暴跳如雷。 “我真是个笨蛋,”大夫沉默了很久才说道,“你以前知道吗,奥立弗?” “不知道,先生。” “那下一回可别忘了。” “一个笨蛋,”大夫再度陷入沉默,过了几分钟他又说道,“就算地方找对了,而且就是那帮家伙,我单枪匹马,又能怎么样?就算有帮手,我看也得不到什么结果,只会让我自己出丑,还不得不供出我把此事遮掩过去的经过。总之,我真是活该。我老是一时性起,搞得自己左右为难。这事应该给我一点教训才对。” 事实上,这位出色的医生一辈子办事都是凭一时冲动,这里可以对支配他的种种冲动说一句不带恶意的恭维活,他非但从来没有被卷进任何特别麻烦或者倒霉的事情中去,反而从所有认识他的人那里得到极为真诚的推崇和敬重。实事求是讲,眼下他是有一点生气,有一两分钟时间感到失望,他很想拿到有关奥立弗身世的确切证据,哪知遇到的头一个机会就落空了。不过,他很快又恢复了常态,发现奥立弗在答复自己的盘问时依然老老实实,前后吻合,显然和以往一样真诚坦率。他打定主意,从今以后完全相信他的话。 因为奥立弗知道布朗罗先生居住的街名,他们可以照直开到那儿去。马车折进了那条街,他的心剧烈地跳起来,几乎喘不过气。 “说吧,我的孩子,是哪一所房子?”罗斯伯力先生问道。 “那一所。那一所。”奥立弗一边回答,一边急迫从车窗里往外指点着。“那所白房子。呃,快呀。开快一点。我觉得自己好像要死了,身上老是哆嗦。” “到啦,到啦。”好心的大夫拍了拍他的肩膀,说道,“你马上就要看见他们了,他们见到你安然无事,肯定会喜出望外的。” “呃!我就巴望那样!”奥立弗大声说道,“他们对我真好,非常非常好。” 马车朝前开去,停下了。不,不是这所房子,隔壁才是。车又开了几步,重新停了下来。奥立弗抬头望着那些窗户,几颗泪珠饱含着欢乐的期待滚下面颊。 天啦!白色的房子空空如也,窗扉上贴着一张招贴:“出租”。 “敲敲邻居的门看。”罗斯伯力先生大声说,一边挽住奥立弗的胳臂。“您知道不知道,过去住在隔壁的布朗罗先生上哪儿去了?” 邻家的女仆不知道,但愿意回去问一问。她不一会就回来了,说六个星期之前,布朗罗先生已经变卖了物品,到西印度群岛去了。奥立弗十指交叉,身子往后一仰,瘫倒在地。 “他的管家也走了?”罗斯伯力先生犹豫了一下,问道。 “是的,先生,”女仆回答,“老先生,管家,还有一位绅士是布朗罗先生的朋友,全都一块儿走了。” “那就掉头回家吧,”罗斯伯力先生对车夫说,“你不要停下来喂马,等开出这该死的伦敦城再说。” “去找那位书摊掌柜,好不好,先生?”奥立弗说道,“我认识上那儿去的路。去见见他,求求您了,先生。去见见他吧。” “我可怜的孩子,这一天已经够令人失望的了,”大夫说,“我们俩都受够了。如果我们去找那个书摊掌柜,保准会发现他死掉了,要不就是放火烧了自家的房子,或者溜之大吉了。不,这就直接回家。”在大夫的一时冲动之下,他们便回家去了。 这一次大失所望的寻访发生在奥立弗满心欢喜的时刻,搞得他非常惋惜、伤心。患病期间,他无数次高高兴兴地想到,布朗罗先生和贝德温太太将要向他讲些什么,自己也会向他们讲述,有多少个漫长的日日夜夜,他都是在回忆他们替他做的那些事,痛惜自己与他们给生拉活扯地拆散了,能向他们讲述这一切该是多么惬意。总有一天能在他们面前洗去自己身上的污垢,说清自己是如何横遭绑架的,这个希望激励着他,支持着他熬过了最近的一次次考验。现在,他们到那么远的地方去了,带着他是一个兼强盗的信念走了——他们的这个信念,也许一直到自己离开尘世之日也无法辩解了——他几乎承受不了这样的想法。 然而,这种情况丝毫也没有改变他的几位恩人的态度。又是两个星期过去了,温暖、晴好的天气开始稳定,花草树木长出了嫩绿的叶片和鲜艳的繁花,这时,他们作好了准备,要离开杰茨的这所房子几个月。他们把曾经使费金垂涎三尺的餐具送到银行寄存起来,留下凯尔司和另一个仆人看房子,带着奥立弗到远处一所乡村别墅去了。 这个羸弱的孩子来到一个内地的乡村,呼吸着芬芳的空气,置身于青山密林之中,谁能描述他感受到的快乐、喜悦、平和与宁静啊!又有谁能说出,祥和宁静的景色是怎样映入固守闹市的人们的脑海,又是如何将它们本身具有的活力深深地注入他们疲惫不堪的心田!人们居住在拥挤狭窄的街上,一生劳碌,从未想到过换换环境——习惯的的确确成了他们的第二天性,他们几乎可以说爱上了组成他们日常漫步的狭小天地的一砖一石——即便是他们,当死神向他们伸出手来的时候,最终也会幡然醒悟,渴望看一眼大自然的容颜。他们一旦远离旧日喜怒哀乐的场面,似乎立刻进入了一个崭新的天地。日复一日,他们缓缓走向充满阳光的绿色草地,一看到天空、山丘、平原和湖光水影,他们便在内心唤醒了记忆,只须预先品尝一下天国的滋味便可抚平飞速衰朽的痛苦,他们像西下的落日一样平静地进入自己的坟墓,几个小时以前,他们还曾孤独地守在卧室窗日,望着落日余晖慢慢消失在自己暗淡无光的眼睛里。宁静的山乡唤起的记忆不属于这个世界,也不属于这个世界的意志与希望。这些回忆会温和地感染我们,教会我们如何编织鲜艳的花环,放在我们所爱的那些人的坟前;能净化我们的思想,压倒旧日的嫌隙怨恨。可是在这一切之下,在每一颗心灵中就算是最麻木的心灵,一个模糊不清、尚未完全成形的意识,很久以前,在某个相隔遥远的时刻,就有过这种感觉的意识,始终流连不去,启迪人们庄重地瞩目遥远的未来,将傲慢与俗念压在它的下边

这部作品让我联想到许多现实生活中的情景,对我触动很大。现在,我倒要回过头来看看狄更斯的艺术魅力和写作才能。狄更斯是维多利亚时代批判现实主义的代表人物,在写这部作品时他还是个青年,这时的他希望运用他的小说改革社会,但他对社会的了解还不够深刻,对当时的统治阶级还寄托着美好的希望。在这部作品中也充分体现了他的这种思想。通常情况下,在优秀的现实主义小说中,故事情节往往是在特定环境作用下的人物性格发展史,即高尔基所说的“某种性格典型的成长和构成的历史”。然而,狄更斯不同,他不拘任何格套,想要多少巧合就安排多少巧合。如奥立佛第一次跟小偷上街被掏兜的就是他亡父生前的好友布朗鲁先生;他在盗贼第二首领赛克斯的劫持下入室行窃被偷的恰巧是他的亲姨妈露丝·梅里家;还有,他去送信时因匆忙而撞到的人竟然就是他的哥哥蒙克斯,并在这一相撞中就让蒙克斯感到他就是自己要寻找的弟弟。这一连串的巧合在情理上无论如何是说不过去的,然而,狄更斯自有丰富的想象和巧妙的构思,在具体的情节描写中充满着生活气息和激情,使读者在阅读时紧张得喘不过气来,对这种本来是牵强的,不自然的情节也不得不信以为真,而且对此产生莫大的兴趣,迫不及待地往下阅读。这就是狄更斯的艺术世界魅力。此外,从政治角度来讲,这部作品提出了孤儿的社会地位这个非常现实的问题,以及和这个问题直接相关的官员的素质问题,社会上一些违法组织问题以及在各阶层的人们的心理倾向和精神疾病长问题。狄更斯虽然提出了这些问题,但他所想到的解决这些问题的方式是不现实的。这也是因为青年时期的他对社会还没有深刻的了解。而随着他的社会阅历的丰富,对社会的了解也更深,他的思想也慢慢地成熟,这在他以后地作品中就能体现出来。狄更斯运用他广阔深刻的语言给予读者的有时是开怀大笑,有时是会意的微笑,有时却是流泪的痛苦的笑或是无奈的麻木的笑。然而,无论是哪一种笑,都给予了资本主义社会的无尽的讽刺。

在所有外国小说家中我最熟悉的一个不是写出《堂吉诃德》的塞万提斯,不是写出《老人与海》的海名威,甚至也不是《简.爱》的作者夏落蒂。我读的最早的一部外国长篇就是狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》,那大约是在读初中一年级的时候。当时的目的是为了学习英语,所以版本是牛津大学出版社的英语书虫丛书。也正是这个原因,当时对作者的名字都没有记住,但是小说描写的情节和叙述的故事还是吸引了我,那个时候在我的面前居然展开了一副英伦特有的画面,里面有各式各样的人物,主人公奥里佛就在这些人物中开始自己的生活,当然那个时候我无法理解很多东西,思维被浓重的雾气包裹着,一如伦敦特有的大雾天气。 直到上高中时候,看了狄更斯的《双城记》,才又重新唤起了对这位作家的印象。也是在这个时候知道了他是十九世纪英国最杰出的小说家,在古典作家中,成就仅仅次于莎士比亚。而且《雾都孤儿》还有一个中文译名,叫做《奥里佛.退斯特》,原名《奥立弗·退斯特历险记》,中国最早的译本是林琴南的《贼史》,这部小说是他15部长篇中的第二部作品,写于1838年,这个时期也是他文学创作的第一个时期。这一时期,作者正处于青春年少,事业蒸蒸日上,对社会的认识还比较肤浅,他把生活看作是善与恶之间的斗争,同时认为恶是个别现象,并且最终会被善所征服。《雾都孤儿》讲述的是这样一个故事,富人的弃婴奥利佛在孤儿院里挣扎了9年,又被送到棺材店老板那儿当学徒。难以忍受的饥饿、贫困和侮辱,迫使奥利佛逃到伦敦,又被迫无奈当了扒手。他曾被富有的布莱罗先生收留,不幸让小扒手发现又入贼窝。善良的女扒手南希为了营救奥利佛,不顾贼头的监视和威胁,向布莱罗报信,说奥利佛就是他找寻已久的外孙儿。南希被贼窝头目杀害,警察随即围剿了贼窝。奥利佛终于得以与亲人团聚。在小说中,正面主人公一般都会得到好的结局,小说的基调基本上也是乐观的。从《雾都孤儿》我们还可以看到,作者的创作受流浪汉小说的影响比较突出,他自己的创作风格虽已形成,但还需要进一步完善与成熟。《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯的第一部伟大的社会小说,在世界文学史上占有重要位置。小说主要反映刚刚通过了济贫法的英国社会最底层生活。作者在创作上爱憎分明,形象生动的特点也得到了很充分的体现。他笔下的人物富有鲜明的个性,整个作品有着强烈的感染力。狄更斯堪称一位杰出的语言大师,擅长运用讽刺、幽默和夸张的手法,他笔下的人物风貌和语言风格富有浓厚的浪漫主义特色。狄更斯也是一位伟大的文学革新家,他在《雾都孤儿》中描写了一系列中下层社会的小人物,这在文学作品中可以说是空前的。他以高度的艺术概括,生动的细节描写,妙趣横生的幽默和细致入微的心理分析,塑造了许多令人难忘的形象,真实地反映了英国十九世纪初叶的杜会面貌,具有巨大的感染力和认识价值,并形成了他独特的风格。他反映生活广泛、多样,开掘深而有力。他不采用说教或概念化的方式表现他的倾向性,而往往以生动的艺术形象激发读者的愤慨、憎恨。同情和热爱。他笔下的人物大多有鲜明的个性。他善于运用艺术夸张的手法突出人物形象的描写特征,用他们习惯的动作、姿势和用语等揭示他们的内心生活和思想面貌。他还善于从生活中汲取生动的人民的语言,以人物特有的语言表现人物的特点和性格。现在讨论一下E.M.福斯特在他的名著《小说面面观》中对狄更斯人物塑造的贬低。据他说,狄更斯只会塑造“扁形人物”,而不会塑造“浑圆人物”,在小说艺术上属于“较低层次”。事实真是这样吗?读了这本书后,我印象最深的人物是费根和奥立弗。这两个人都同样生活在社会的最底层,都是贫困潦倒,但是内心却截然不同。费根是个老奸巨滑的盗贼头目。他为了自己的利益,养了许多手下。这个老恶鬼为了钱抛弃一切道德观念,什么坏事都做的出。他和蒙克斯进行了一项可耻的交易,帮助蒙克斯复仇,然后他就能得到很多的钱。复仇的方法就是让奥立弗成为一个贼。他为了钱居然干这种事,简直没有人性。此外,他专门培养盗贼,增添更多的社会败类。我对费根的看法可以用一句老话来概括:人的出身不能选择,但人的道路却是可以选择的。这决不是空话,他也许像奥立弗一样出生在济贫院里,出身低微,但是他完全可以像奥立弗一样有一颗善良的心,一种坚韧、诚实的品质,靠自己的力气来挣钱。可是他却用了这样卑鄙的手段来赚钱,不得不令人蔑视。当然,造成费根走上偷窃道路的不只是由于他个人的品行,还与社会因素有着很大关系。当时的社会对穷人持有的只是一种漠不关心和假慈悲甚至瞧不起的态度。这种态度无疑是对穷人很大的压迫。像奥立弗那样意志坚韧的的人毕竟不多,在既不用受打骂又不用出力又不饿肚子的诱惑下,很多穷人选择了费根那样的道路。这与当时社会法律治穷人于不顾的伪善面目是有着很大的关系。而奥立弗就截然相反了。他虽然被费根试图教育成一个小偷,但是他始终没有让费根成功。他的身上具有与生俱来的,许多富人都不可能具有的美好品质。诚实、善良、坚强、知恩必报……美的品质并不是能被外表掩盖的。这也许就是布朗娄先生等等好心的富人帮助他的原因吧。最后,他虽然经历了长久的盗贼生活,但是他的心灵却一点儿也没被污染。也所谓善有善报,恶有恶报,费根最后落得个惨死绞架的下场,而小奥立弗却被善良的布朗娄先生认为干儿子,读书识字,并找回了自己的身世和亲人。他们的形象丰富又深刻,不仅不是扁平的而且达到了很高的意艺术成就。现在简单谈谈小说的艺术创作特色:,(一)个性化的语言是狄更斯在人物塑造上运用得十分出色的一种手段。书中的流氓、盗贼、妓女的语言都切合其身份,甚至还用了行业的黑话。然而,狄更斯决不作自然主义的再现,而是进行加工、提炼和选择,避免使用污秽、下流的话语。主人公奥立弗语言规范、谈吐文雅,他甚至不知偷窃为何物。(二不拘任何格套,想要多少巧合就安排多少巧合。奥立弗第一次跟小偷上街,被掏兜的第一人恰巧就是他亡父的好友布朗罗。第二次,他在匪徒赛克斯的劫持下入室行窃,被偷的恰好是他亲姨妈露丝·梅莱家。这在情理上无论如何是说不过去的。但狄更斯自有天大的本领,在具体的细节描写中充满生活气息和激情,使你读时紧张得喘不过气来,对这种本来是牵强的、不自然的情节也不得不信以为真。这就是狄更斯的艺术世界的魅力。(三)对于人物内心世界的精细把握。书中贼首、老犹太费金受审的一场始终从费金的心理视角出发。他从天花板看到地板,只见重重叠叠的眼睛都在注视着自己。他听到对他罪行的陈述报告,他把恳求的目光转向律师,希望能为他辩护几句。人群中有人在吃东西,有人用手绢扇风,还有一名青年画家在画他的素描,他心想:不知道像不像,真想伸过脖子去看一看…在《雾都孤儿》中我们好象看不到作者自己的影子,但是却可以通过主人公奥里佛的经历联想到作者童年的遭遇。狄更斯在他的自传中告诉我们,小说中那个读者皆曰可杀的贼首费金得名于作者少年时代当童工的鞋油作坊里一位对他十分关照的同伴鲍勃·费金,“他比我年长好几岁,个儿也高得多。”作者的创作材料很大一部分来源于现实,同时又进行了艺术性的成功改造,他的创作我认为可以用“艺术性的现实主义”来概括。《雾都孤儿》问世一百多年来,早已成为世界各国读者最喜爱的经典作品。小说中那个愚蠢、贪婪、冷酷的教区干事“邦布尔”在英语中已成了骄横小官吏的代名词,并由此衍生出“妄自尊大,小官吏习性”等词义。邦布尔先生婚后训斥老婆,“哭能够舒张肺部,冲洗面孔,锻炼眼睛,并且平息火气。”这句话收入了美国哥伦比亚大学出版社的新版《哥伦比亚名言辞典》。小说《雾都孤儿》后来改编成了多种电影、动画片、连环画,搬上了荧屏、舞台。在中国,《雾都孤儿》大概可以算得上一代又一代读者最熟悉的世界文学名著了。“奥立弗要求添粥”一节编入了我国出版的多种英语教科书。进入九十年代,喜爱狄更斯的广大观众又在电视屏幕上看到,在美国推出的一部动画片中,所有的人物都是由小动物担任。想起初中时代的那个自己,也曾有冲动想要亲身体验一下奥里佛的种种惊险经历,不过这只能是一个不切实际的梦想了,作为一部经典,一部我最先阅读的外国名著,即使他并不是作者最好的作品,《雾都孤儿》在我心目中也永远是唯一的。

雾都孤儿论文文献

The work of the protagonist Oliver is an orphan, and grew up in the courtyard of the poor relief, others have been subject to discrimination. Because the extremely ill-treatment and fled to London, into Zeiwo, called by the beating, growing up, I do not know how much to eat suffered. While growing up in such an environment, but there is a Buddha Orie good heart, no matter by how much pain he did not want to do bad things is the greatest determination. He was Shouen people will never forget can not thank the benefactor. Although he is subject to a number of well-intentioned people and the sympathy of the adoption, such as Bulang Lu President, Lennart Meri wife, but the thieves, the group still did not miss him, and his half-brother also wish to kill him. Oliver's fate is tragic, but he's also been well-intentioned people to help identify his life, and the heritage. He has been the fate of the final change is expected to become a useful person to society. This works in Orie wrote at the beginning of the Buddha in relief of the poor house, in Charles Dickens described the living conditions of the poor house when a very ironic way: "Every child has a bowl of thin gruel, and that can not be increased only once To important public holiday, with the exception of a bowl of porridge outside in order to increase two and a quarter ounces of bread. They do not need to eat the Zhou Wan never wash, the children always scraping bowl of the spoon sauce residue has been driven Zeng Ming-Liang Shuo bowl. Scraping bowl of the matter is completed, they sit there and stare at large Tongguo helplessly, as if they are able to block a piece of brick stoves have to swallow it. This is a heinous and Tian Zhao They also own and finger , Ba Wangzhe a splash a few drops from child star to porridge. "Can be seen from the lives of those orphans how poverty, hunger throughout the day in the state, and no hope of Tianzhao his little finger, Bawang Zhao splash over the Congee child stars. One can imagine the children's life is very tragic, and Orie on the Buddha in such an environment. It is in the form of novels by Dickens to reflect the dark reality of the society and capitalist society under the lives of people of how poverty, poor life as works written by the same. Charles, known as the Victorian age eyes, because the novel in the form of the observed things with the novel in the form of re-emerged. That is why this works is the content of the true reflection of society at that time, and I think that the author describes the relief of the poor orphans living with a very vivid image of the language, a sharp way to expose the community The dark. Dickens wrote in the book a few years ago, the British Parliament adopted a new method of relief, cancellation of poor relief, but the poor directly to the port to house the poor relief. Dickens described the relief of the poor house at the time of poor relief is a true portrayal of the hospital. Poor relief in the hospital in no democracy, no freedom, only to be abused, hungry cold, a Mianhuangjishou months, fell to the ground at all times as likely to die, and the Diocese of those officers, those who Explorer, but eat a fat Head of the brain fertilizer, the full spirit. Dickens works in the hospital for the poor relief vivid description is a reflection of social problems. Some people think Charles Dickens's works this is a serious literary works, it works because it made a deep social problems, social development and progress is of great historical significance. In this work successfully in Dickens depicts a series of characters, such as the Diocese of General bampur, thieves old man and head of the Jewish charity school students Noah, the bandit Powu Monks, and so on. Did not have to portray a lifelike, life-like image. However, the most successful works portray the character or the protagonist Oliver and the woman stole Nancy. Oliver was born with a moral people, know how to map Temple has been reported. He ate a lot a lot of suffering, but in the end, finally met a good man. Whether Bulang Lu President, Lennart Meri, or his wife or Miss Meri, Orie Fodu treated as ordinary family, even though he is a "thief" who are sympathetic to him, his adoption, and that he receive a good education, and finally get Qing his life, his legacy fight back. Oliver described the events of all, I admire the most is the sixth chapter say when he was struggling to resist mocking the incident, as the authors put it, "On the surface I have described is not so small Important, but in fact he was Oliver's future development and are indirectly affected, and has had a major change. "Oliver in the poor house while growing up, there will be no freedom itself, to be disposal, but he A very strong self-esteem, Noah in the face of personal attacks, he was extremely excited. Noah and because of Oliver's mother died of a vicious insult to his indignation, blood boiling. "He immediately jumped up, an overturned the tables and chairs, and then Noah caught the pipe, to exhaust the body's effort to shake in fury of Noah, Noah has been a bit of teeth chattered issue of noise, and then He gathered together a whole body of Noah's efforts to blow hard, straight knocked him to the ground. "Oliver reaction puzzled me, common sense, he has been a quiet, modest, though by non - Who has abused a dejected from the juvenile Gan unlucky, but at the moment cohesion of the whole body strength Noah beat. What is the strength of his courage to make such a decision, perhaps it should not be "decided" it, a strong sense of anger so that he has lost his reason, he does not allow other people to his mother in the slightest insulting. While Oliver's mother, his memory, the memory never know his mother look like. However, the mother has been accompanied by a sense of respect for him. So, when Noah insult his mother, Oliver showed no emotion before. The incident was the result of Oliver was beaten up and detained. Charles Dickens wrote in the details below, not only for paving the way, but also a deeper portrait of the heroine works Oliver's image, in order to safeguard the dignity of the mother, just go ahead Many scholars think that works in a portrait of the most successful characters is Nancy, while Oliver to work for the main character, but from the social psychology and psychoanalysis point of view, the role of Nancy greater practical significance. Nancy is a psychological complex young women, from childhood growing up in the Group of thieves, no one knew her life, she entered the post-Zeiwo did not have any good people, of course, the final Bulang Lu also met with President Lennart Meri and Miss But then it was too late. Finally, her tragic death at the hands of the bandits Sykes, her fate is tragic, as in the real world into a triad of orphans after the end of the same. Nancy seen through the group of thieves all the ugly things, that her aversion treacherous, vicious, ruthless cruelty, inhuman things, but she is also the Group of thieves have a certain feeling, and want to leave. She has sympathy for Oliver, as for their treatment as his younger brother, in times of crisis to disregard their own safety to come forward and saved him, but he will have to personally Oliver thieves onto the road. She envied culture and education, the warmth of the family women, but because of her own humble status Yingshang Qu dare not, dare not wish for such a happy life. She is the heart of the conflict, when Bulang Lu and President Lennart Meri Miss advised her to leave the Group of thieves over a new leaf, she refused their offers of help, although she had a yearning for this kind of life. Nancy contradictions from her in to see if the original: "I do not want to do it! I do not want to do it! Though he is the devil, and he even told me yet more vicious than the devil, but I do not want to do ... then another ... One reason is that his life of crime is life, I am also live in sin, we are together for many years to live such a life, so I can not betray them, not to mention some of them may have betrayed me, but They did not sell out, even though they are bad people. "Her inner conflict is real, in line with the general psychological normal. There are a lot of female juvenile offenders, once on the wrong may be similar to that of Nancy ideological contradictions: both want to leave the crime associates also want to leave. Although Nancy Sykes hated doing, but he can not do without, it was of the view that Nancy is not reasonable, but in any case, her actions are all true. Psychological and ideological problems is in itself a complex issue as it is not possible to use simple methods can be resolved. Nancy Oliver, and this is the work of the two most representative figure, which is undeniable. Dickens portrayed in these two figures also spent a wonderful way. However, I would like to talk about is the image of another person Monks. Monks is Oliver's half-brother, who was extremely cruel, to be his brother's property destroyed at the expense of their own younger brother. I think Charles Monks at the describing the act when a clever arrangement. Monks and the role is a reflection of society at that time some of the children of the nobility EXILE. Monks is a smart, he knows how to ease access to his brother's property. Monks at the Dickens portrayed the characters can be on step-by-step. First of all, Monks is to look at the class when Mr. Bull appeared, the first author of the text did not mention him, so I read in class, Mr. Bull to meet the guests unfamiliar with the plot, on intuition told me that this works The plot will reach another climax. The mysterious people coming out, is scheduled to have a good, but I did not expect this so-called mystery is who would be Oliver's brother, but did not expect the paper after he had played such an important role. Charles gave the Monks "smart" in mind, set up a seamless clothing plans, and the Monks in the implementation of this plan are not thieves with Lin Yu co-leader of the Jewish old man, can be called up for the purpose of the unscrupulous. Finally, the plan is brought to light, Monks also ended in defeat. I think the Charles Oliver's brother wrote a greedy, ruthless, shameless, on the one hand, the work can culminate in the story, on the other hand, fully demonstrated the reality of society in order to achieve the purpose of the fire regardless of the tragic family Phenomenon. The author of this sharp touch of irony at the time the fire agency, while at the same time want to wake up those sad people, they wake up the conscience and consciousness, to awaken the consciousness of all the people. After reading the novel, I was not quiet for a long time. Oliver is a strong, kind-hearted, intelligent and brave and innocent boy, but experienced a difficult life, the ultimate storm, ushered in a happy life. And we are now living in the honey tank in Waterloo-fu, has often complained that always satisfied. But we have thought about, there are many poor children, are faced with the loss of loved ones, vagrancy of life, perhaps in the face of dropping out of school and the plight of the hungry. They are filled with love of life, looking forward to a bright classrooms, a yearning for delicious food or warm clothing. In the face of these eager children live in poverty, we can turn a blind eye to it? Can not stand idly by? When I read Dickens to write about the lives of the poor orphan house, my mind flashed always saw on television pictures of refugees in Africa. The old social life of the poor are poor, hungry cold it is not unusual things, and in the 21st century, in this era of civilization, hunger, fear, the cold remains. In that Oliver had been abused, beaten by the circumstances, and when I do not think of the often seen in the streets and show those begging children. These shabby heard that the children into a gang is organized, whether it be money or show has been begging for money, hard or stolen money, but also turned over to their "head." This is the civilized society? The fate of the children, their lives, and works of Charles Dickens orphan Oliver's life, what difference does? Oliver is lucky, good people can encounter. But in reality those organizations into the unknown children, their fate will be how well-intentioned people can encounter it? I do not think so, they may be ending as it works in Nancy, or died of starvation and disease. This is the so-called civilized society, the inevitable result. The more social progress, the more human civilization, and those bad elements are, the more furious, and unfortunately into the hands of their children, the more tragic fate. Therefore, we need love to help those in the midst of the people to help them out, ushering in a happy life. The works I think of many real-life scenarios, I touch on a lot. Now, I'd like to go back to Dickens's art and writing in order to charm. Dickens is the Victorian representative of the critical realism, written in the book when he was a youth, when he hopes to use his novel of social reform, but his community is not enough understanding of the profound, at the time of the ruling class also With the hope of a better place. In this work also reflects his idea. Under normal circumstances, the best realism in the novel, the story is often in a specific environment under the action of the history of the development of character, that is, Gorky said "some kind of character typical of the history and composition of growth." However, Charles Dickens, his informal set of any cell, the number of coincidence want to arrange the number of coincidence. If Oliver for the first time with the thieves took to the streets to be out of pocket, he is a friend of his late father before his death, Mr. Bulang Lu; thieves in his second head hostage Sikes under the burglary of the stolen happens to be his pro-aunt Ruth Merritt family; Also, due to his messenger haste to go and hit those who have the means哥哥蒙克斯him, and the Monks are let in the collision, he is looking for his brother. This is a series of coincidence in the sense just can not be justified in any case, however, Dickens's own rich imagination and clever idea, in the specific circumstances described in the breath of life and full of passion, so that readers can not breathe when reading a tension , That would have been far-fetched, unnatural circumstances has no choice but to believe, and have a great interest in this, can not wait to read down. This is the art of Dickens World charm. In addition, from a political perspective, this work made orphans of the social status of this very real problem, and, as well as the issue directly related to the issue of the quality of officials, community organizations, as well as a number of law in all sectors of the people's psychological tendencies And a long mental illness issues. Dickens has pointed out that one of these problems, but he thought of a way to solve these problems is not realistic. This is because the youth of his community not to understand the profound. With his wealth of experience of society, the society is also a deeper understanding of his ideas are slowly maturing, which, in his later works will be able to be reflected. Charles to use his vast and profound language to give the reader sometimes laughing, sometimes knowing smile, they are sometimes shed tears of laughter or pain and numbness of helpless laughter. However, no matter what kind of laughter, given all the capitalist society of endless irony.

文学研究论文参考文献

论文写作中我们需要大量阅读参考文献来丰富我们的知识面,拓展我们的知识深度。下面是我和大家分享的文学研究论文参考文献,更多内容请关注毕业论文网。

篇一:参考文献

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[4] 李夏. 女性哥特视角下《简爱》与《呼啸山庄》的对比分析[D]. 中国海洋大学 2013

[5] 阳英. 关联理论视角下《雾都孤儿》荣译本与何译本比较研究[D]. 湖南工业大学 2014

[6] 沈蔼亲. 操纵学派“忠实观”与传统“忠实观”的对比研究[D]. 湖南工业大学 2014

[7] 郭慧. 操纵论视角下理雅各与许渊冲《诗经》英译本的对比研究[D]. 湖南工业大学 2013

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[21] 杜洪洁. 政治与翻译:西方(后)现代主义小说在中国的译介(1979-1988)[D]. 天津理工大学 2008

Oliver Twist Oliver Twist, one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens’, is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century. The author who himself was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London. The hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, an orphan, who was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. He suffered enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse. While reading the tragic experiences of the little Oliver, I was shocked by his sufferings. I felt for the poor boy, but at the same time I detested the evil Fagin and the brutal Bill. To my relief, as was written in all the best stories, the goodness eventually conquered devil and Oliver lived a happy life in the end. One of the plots that attracted me most is that after the theft, little Oliver was allowed to recover in the kind care of Mrs. Maylie and Rose and began a new life. He went for walks with them, or Rose read to him, and he worked hard at his lessons. He felt as if he had left behind forever the world of crime and hardship and poverty. How can such a little boy who had already suffered oppressive affliction remain pure in body and mind? The reason is the nature of goodness. I think it is the most important information implied in the novel by Dickens-he believed that goodness could conquer every difficulty. Although I don’t think goodness is omnipotent, yet I do believe that those who are kind-hearted live more happily than those who are evil-minded. For me, the nature of goodness is one of the most necessary character for a person. Goodness is to humans what water is to fish. He who is without goodness is an utterly worthless person. On the contrary, as the famous saying goes, ‘The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose’, he who is with goodness undoubtedly is a happy and useful person. People receiving his help are grateful to him and he also gets gratified from what he has done, and thus he can do good to both the people he has helped and himself. To my disappointment, nowadays some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity. They look down on people’s honesty and kindness, thinking it foolish of people to be warm-hearted. As a result, they show no sympathy to those who are in trouble and seldom offer to help others. On the other hand, they attach importance to money and benefit. In their opinion, money is the only real object while emotions and morality are nihility. If they cannot get profit from showing their ‘kindness’, they draw back when others are faced with trouble and even hit a man when he is down. They are one of the sorts that I really detest. Francis Bacon said in his essay, ‘Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.’ That is to say a person without goodness is destined to lose everything. Therefore, I, a kind person, want to tell those ‘vermin-to-be’ to learn from the kind Oliver and regain the nature of goodness. 雾都孤儿 雾都孤儿》,其中最著名的作品的查尔斯•狄更斯的《反映,是一种新型的悲惨的现实,在18世纪的英国的生活。 作者自己出生在一个贫穷的家庭写这本书在他二十几岁时为了揭示丑陋的面具的残酷的罪犯,让恐怖和暴力隐藏在狭窄的,肮脏的街道在伦敦。 这本小说是的英雄,《雾都孤儿孤儿,谁被投进了的世界充满着贫穷和犯罪。他遭受巨大的痛苦,如饥饿、干渴、殴打和虐待。在阅读《悲惨的经历的小奥利弗,我感到震惊的是他的痛苦经历。我觉得为了可怜的男孩子,但同时我厌恶邪恶和残酷Fagin帐单。使我松了口气,写在所有最好的故事,最终征服了魔鬼,奥利佛善过上了幸福美满的生活结束。一个最吸引我的计谋是盗窃,小奥利弗被允许这种康复照顾夫人Maylie和玫瑰开始了一种新的生活。他去散步,与他们,或玫瑰念给他听,他努力学习功课。他感到他先前留下的世界永远犯罪和困难和贫穷。 怎能一个小男孩已经遭受苦难保持纯洁的压迫身体和心灵吗?原因是处于善性品德之中。我认为这是最重要的信息的小说中隐含Dickens-he相信善良能战胜一切困难。虽然我并不认为善良是无所不能的,我却相信,那些都是善良的过的更幸福的人比那些是愚昧无知。 对我来说,处于善性的品德是其中一个最必要的个性的一个人。善良是给人类就像鱼儿离不开水一样。谁是没有良善是一个完全无用的人。相反,正如著名的老话所说:“香味的手总是待在给玫瑰”一样。给你推荐一个网站,超棒!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

《雾都孤儿》是一部非常成功的作品,是狄更斯这位享誉盛名的代表作之一,它揭露了隐藏在伦敦狭小、肮脏的偏僻街道里的恐怖和暴力,也展示出了18世纪伦敦罪犯的真实面目;同时,狄更斯还试图说明:善良最终能够克服一切艰难险阻。《雾都孤儿》不仅吸引了评论家和公众的注意,同时它背后潜藏着的那一种强烈的情感不仅打动了与他同时代的读者,也深深地打动了我。《雾都孤儿》中主人公的英文名字为Oliver Twist,而Twist其英文意思是“扭曲,曲折,使苦恼”,这暗示着主人公Oliver的一生很坎坷,要经历很多的痛苦。在这个对社会进行抗议的情节剧式的小说中,奥利弗被当作一个主人公,其目的不是要触动我们的文学敏感性,而是要打动我们的情感。奥立弗·退斯特出生于19世纪30年代英国的一所济贫院,他妈妈用冰冷而毫无血色的嘴唇怜爱地在孩子的额头亲了一下后倒过去,咽了气。没父没母的奥立弗的童年过得极其凄惨,最初的9年是生活在一个管理不善的孤儿院,之后被转到收容成年人的济贫院。济贫院是维多利亚时期中产阶级建立的用来收养穷孩子的机构,因为人们认为穷人的身上有固有的恶习,穷人的家庭造就了这样的恶习,为了阻止这样的恶习产生,所以穷人夫妻就要分开,以阻止他们生孩子,从而减少下层社会的人。但可以这样形容当时的济贫院:济贫院给穷人提供的是慢性挨饿的机会,而在街头则是快速饿死。奥利弗和他的小伙伴们忍受着“慢性饥饿的折磨”。曾给我留下一个特别深刻印象的镜头是:一天晚上吃饭时,一个小孩子跟其他小孩子说,如果不给他多吃一碗粥,说不定会吃了谁。孩子们都很害怕,于是抓阄决定谁输了就要为那个孩子多要点吃的来。奥立弗输了,于是午饭后,其他孩子坚持奥立弗在晚饭时多要点食物。他的请求震惊了当局,结果使他们出5英镑作为酬金,要人把他从他们手上带走。因而可见,《雾都孤儿》是对维多利亚时期穷人的社会境遇的严厉批判。《雾都孤儿》的起势情节是:绝望之中的奥立弗在黎明中出逃,奔向伦敦,在伦敦城外,又饿又累的他遇到了一个与他相仿年纪的男孩—杰克,杰克让他住在自己的恩人费金的住处——实际上是一个窃贼之家,费金这个“枯瘦如柴的犹太老头”兼职为犯罪头头专门训练孤儿为他偷东西。经过几天的训练,奥立弗和其他两个小孩被派去偷东西。当奥立弗看到他们偷了一个老绅士的手绢的时候,吓得拔腿就逃,他被抓住了,但勉强地躲过了指控,没有因偷盗被定罪。布朗罗先生,就是手绢的被偷者,把发烧的奥立弗带回家中护理,让他恢复健康,原本以为黑暗的生活会远离他而去,但是费金贼帮里的两个大人赛克斯和他的情人南希把奥立弗抓住,并送回费金那里。在《雾都孤儿》中,颇具争议性问题的人物是南希。南希在道德上的复杂性在几位主要人物中是很独特的。南希自幼便是一个小偷,饮酒无度,而且是一个妓女,她所陷入的罪恶为她的社会所不齿,但当她牺牲自己的生命去保护奥立弗这个她并不是很熟悉的小孩时,她的行为又是最为高尚的。正因为南希,奥立弗被狄更斯掩藏下的真实身份才有了渐渐浮出水面的一刻。随后,费金派奥立弗去帮助赛克斯抢劫。奥立弗被那家的仆人用枪击中,赛克斯弃下受伤的奥立弗逃跑了。上天可怜善良的奥立弗,他被住在那里的梅莱太太和她漂亮的养女露西收留了。奥立弗开始了一种新生活。他常常与露西和梅莱太太外出散步,有时露西读书给他听,他也努力地学习功课。他觉得自己好像永远把罪恶,艰辛和贫困的世界抛在背后了。小说中,梅莱太太和露西所担任的母性角色使奥立弗第一次生活在正常的家庭当中,在她们母亲般的关爱下,奥立弗在乡下度过了美好的夏天。并且在梅莱一家的帮助下,布朗罗先生和奥立弗又团聚了,并消除了彼此间的误会。随后,布朗罗先生找到孟可思,追问奥立弗的真实身世,真相终于大白。原来孟可思是奥立弗同母异父的,和费金一起密谋陷害奥立弗,使之声名狼藉,并且是病态的,品行不端的坏兄弟,而且还查明了露西是奥立弗的亲生阿姨。小说的最后总结了狄更斯的道德和宗教观念:如果没有强烈的爱,没有博爱之心,如果对以慈悲为准则,以博爱一切生灵为最高标志的上帝不知感恩,那是绝对得不到幸福的,因而,有罪恶的得到了严厉的惩罚,穷凶恶及的人物到最后仍承担着罪恶,相应的,好人终究有好报,布朗罗先生收养了品性善良,道德高尚,宽容仁慈的奥立弗,他们和梅莱一家一起回乡下,从此过着幸福的生活。

雾都孤儿毕业论文

我也是写这个 正找材料呢 交流交流哦

Oliver Twist Oliver Twist, one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens’, is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century. The author who himself was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London. The hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, an orphan, who was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. He suffered enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse. While reading the tragic experiences of the little Oliver, I was shocked by his sufferings. I felt for the poor boy, but at the same time I detested the evil Fagin and the brutal Bill. To my relief, as was written in all the best stories, the goodness eventually conquered devil and Oliver lived a happy life in the end. One of the plots that attracted me most is that after the theft, little Oliver was allowed to recover in the kind care of Mrs. Maylie and Rose and began a new life. He went for walks with them, or Rose read to him, and he worked hard at his lessons. He felt as if he had left behind forever the world of crime and hardship and poverty. How can such a little boy who had already suffered oppressive affliction remain pure in body and mind? The reason is the nature of goodness. I think it is the most important information implied in the novel by Dickens-he believed that goodness could conquer every difficulty. Although I don’t think goodness is omnipotent, yet I do believe that those who are kind-hearted live more happily than those who are evil-minded. For me, the nature of goodness is one of the most necessary character for a person. Goodness is to humans what water is to fish. He who is without goodness is an utterly worthless person. On the contrary, as the famous saying goes, ‘The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose’, he who is with goodness undoubtedly is a happy and useful person. People receiving his help are grateful to him and he also gets gratified from what he has done, and thus he can do good to both the people he has helped and himself. To my disappointment, nowadays some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity. They look down on people’s honesty and kindness, thinking it foolish of people to be warm-hearted. As a result, they show no sympathy to those who are in trouble and seldom offer to help others. On the other hand, they attach importance to money and benefit. In their opinion, money is the only real object while emotions and morality are nihility. If they cannot get profit from showing their ‘kindness’, they draw back when others are faced with trouble and even hit a man when he is down. They are one of the sorts that I really detest. Francis Bacon said in his essay, ‘Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.’ That is to say a person without goodness is destined to lose everything. Therefore, I, a kind person, want to tell those ‘vermin-to-be’ to learn from the kind Oliver and regain the nature of goodness. 雾都孤儿 雾都孤儿》,其中最著名的作品的查尔斯•狄更斯的《反映,是一种新型的悲惨的现实,在18世纪的英国的生活。 作者自己出生在一个贫穷的家庭写这本书在他二十几岁时为了揭示丑陋的面具的残酷的罪犯,让恐怖和暴力隐藏在狭窄的,肮脏的街道在伦敦。 这本小说是的英雄,《雾都孤儿孤儿,谁被投进了的世界充满着贫穷和犯罪。他遭受巨大的痛苦,如饥饿、干渴、殴打和虐待。在阅读《悲惨的经历的小奥利弗,我感到震惊的是他的痛苦经历。我觉得为了可怜的男孩子,但同时我厌恶邪恶和残酷Fagin帐单。使我松了口气,写在所有最好的故事,最终征服了魔鬼,奥利佛善过上了幸福美满的生活结束。一个最吸引我的计谋是盗窃,小奥利弗被允许这种康复照顾夫人Maylie和玫瑰开始了一种新的生活。他去散步,与他们,或玫瑰念给他听,他努力学习功课。他感到他先前留下的世界永远犯罪和困难和贫穷。 怎能一个小男孩已经遭受苦难保持纯洁的压迫身体和心灵吗?原因是处于善性品德之中。我认为这是最重要的信息的小说中隐含Dickens-he相信善良能战胜一切困难。虽然我并不认为善良是无所不能的,我却相信,那些都是善良的过的更幸福的人比那些是愚昧无知。 对我来说,处于善性的品德是其中一个最必要的个性的一个人。善良是给人类就像鱼儿离不开水一样。谁是没有良善是一个完全无用的人。相反,正如著名的老话所说:“香味的手总是待在给玫瑰”一样。给你推荐一个网站,超棒!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

《雾都孤儿》是一部非常成功的作品,是狄更斯这位享誉盛名的代表作之一,它揭露了隐藏在伦敦狭小、肮脏的偏僻街道里的恐怖和暴力,也展示出了18世纪伦敦罪犯的真实面目;同时,狄更斯还试图说明:善良最终能够克服一切艰难险阻。《雾都孤儿》不仅吸引了评论家和公众的注意,同时它背后潜藏着的那一种强烈的情感不仅打动了与他同时代的读者,也深深地打动了我。《雾都孤儿》中主人公的英文名字为Oliver Twist,而Twist其英文意思是“扭曲,曲折,使苦恼”,这暗示着主人公Oliver的一生很坎坷,要经历很多的痛苦。在这个对社会进行抗议的情节剧式的小说中,奥利弗被当作一个主人公,其目的不是要触动我们的文学敏感性,而是要打动我们的情感。奥立弗·退斯特出生于19世纪30年代英国的一所济贫院,他妈妈用冰冷而毫无血色的嘴唇怜爱地在孩子的额头亲了一下后倒过去,咽了气。没父没母的奥立弗的童年过得极其凄惨,最初的9年是生活在一个管理不善的孤儿院,之后被转到收容成年人的济贫院。济贫院是维多利亚时期中产阶级建立的用来收养穷孩子的机构,因为人们认为穷人的身上有固有的恶习,穷人的家庭造就了这样的恶习,为了阻止这样的恶习产生,所以穷人夫妻就要分开,以阻止他们生孩子,从而减少下层社会的人。但可以这样形容当时的济贫院:济贫院给穷人提供的是慢性挨饿的机会,而在街头则是快速饿死。奥利弗和他的小伙伴们忍受着“慢性饥饿的折磨”。曾给我留下一个特别深刻印象的镜头是:一天晚上吃饭时,一个小孩子跟其他小孩子说,如果不给他多吃一碗粥,说不定会吃了谁。孩子们都很害怕,于是抓阄决定谁输了就要为那个孩子多要点吃的来。奥立弗输了,于是午饭后,其他孩子坚持奥立弗在晚饭时多要点食物。他的请求震惊了当局,结果使他们出5英镑作为酬金,要人把他从他们手上带走。因而可见,《雾都孤儿》是对维多利亚时期穷人的社会境遇的严厉批判。《雾都孤儿》的起势情节是:绝望之中的奥立弗在黎明中出逃,奔向伦敦,在伦敦城外,又饿又累的他遇到了一个与他相仿年纪的男孩—杰克,杰克让他住在自己的恩人费金的住处——实际上是一个窃贼之家,费金这个“枯瘦如柴的犹太老头”兼职为犯罪头头专门训练孤儿为他偷东西。经过几天的训练,奥立弗和其他两个小孩被派去偷东西。当奥立弗看到他们偷了一个老绅士的手绢的时候,吓得拔腿就逃,他被抓住了,但勉强地躲过了指控,没有因偷盗被定罪。布朗罗先生,就是手绢的被偷者,把发烧的奥立弗带回家中护理,让他恢复健康,原本以为黑暗的生活会远离他而去,但是费金贼帮里的两个大人赛克斯和他的情人南希把奥立弗抓住,并送回费金那里。在《雾都孤儿》中,颇具争议性问题的人物是南希。南希在道德上的复杂性在几位主要人物中是很独特的。南希自幼便是一个小偷,饮酒无度,而且是一个妓女,她所陷入的罪恶为她的社会所不齿,但当她牺牲自己的生命去保护奥立弗这个她并不是很熟悉的小孩时,她的行为又是最为高尚的。正因为南希,奥立弗被狄更斯掩藏下的真实身份才有了渐渐浮出水面的一刻。随后,费金派奥立弗去帮助赛克斯抢劫。奥立弗被那家的仆人用枪击中,赛克斯弃下受伤的奥立弗逃跑了。上天可怜善良的奥立弗,他被住在那里的梅莱太太和她漂亮的养女露西收留了。奥立弗开始了一种新生活。他常常与露西和梅莱太太外出散步,有时露西读书给他听,他也努力地学习功课。他觉得自己好像永远把罪恶,艰辛和贫困的世界抛在背后了。小说中,梅莱太太和露西所担任的母性角色使奥立弗第一次生活在正常的家庭当中,在她们母亲般的关爱下,奥立弗在乡下度过了美好的夏天。并且在梅莱一家的帮助下,布朗罗先生和奥立弗又团聚了,并消除了彼此间的误会。随后,布朗罗先生找到孟可思,追问奥立弗的真实身世,真相终于大白。原来孟可思是奥立弗同母异父的,和费金一起密谋陷害奥立弗,使之声名狼藉,并且是病态的,品行不端的坏兄弟,而且还查明了露西是奥立弗的亲生阿姨。小说的最后总结了狄更斯的道德和宗教观念:如果没有强烈的爱,没有博爱之心,如果对以慈悲为准则,以博爱一切生灵为最高标志的上帝不知感恩,那是绝对得不到幸福的,因而,有罪恶的得到了严厉的惩罚,穷凶恶及的人物到最后仍承担着罪恶,相应的,好人终究有好报,布朗罗先生收养了品性善良,道德高尚,宽容仁慈的奥立弗,他们和梅莱一家一起回乡下,从此过着幸福的生活。

买本雾都孤儿的蓝星导读,就是那种双语的小蓝本,虽然写得很浅显,但故事和人物分析挺全面的,就算你以前没读过这部小说,用它就行,省时间最大的问题就是定题,要看你的指导老师严不严了,一定把论点范围缩小再缩小,具体再具体在学校提供给你们的文献库多多下载文献资料,雾都孤儿的的文献很多,能下载到你想吐,但这样不愁没得写 还有问题可以联系我

雾都孤儿当作论文主题好写吗

环境对人是有影响的,但人也可以随着年龄的增长,思想意识的深入,主动的选择对自己有利的环境。社会对一个思想处于萌芽,空白得孩子来说,坏的环境会毁灭。孩子在社会的负面环境中是弱者,但更需要有心人来帮助他们

《雾都孤儿》是一部非常成功的作品,是狄更斯这位享誉盛名的代表作之一,它揭露了隐藏在伦敦狭小、肮脏的偏僻街道里的恐怖和暴力,也展示出了18世纪伦敦罪犯的真实面目;同时,狄更斯还试图说明:善良最终能够克服一切艰难险阻。《雾都孤儿》不仅吸引了评论家和公众的注意,同时它背后潜藏着的那一种强烈的情感不仅打动了与他同时代的读者,也深深地打动了我。《雾都孤儿》中主人公的英文名字为Oliver Twist,而Twist其英文意思是“扭曲,曲折,使苦恼”,这暗示着主人公Oliver的一生很坎坷,要经历很多的痛苦。在这个对社会进行抗议的情节剧式的小说中,奥利弗被当作一个主人公,其目的不是要触动我们的文学敏感性,而是要打动我们的情感。奥立弗·退斯特出生于19世纪30年代英国的一所济贫院,他妈妈用冰冷而毫无血色的嘴唇怜爱地在孩子的额头亲了一下后倒过去,咽了气。没父没母的奥立弗的童年过得极其凄惨,最初的9年是生活在一个管理不善的孤儿院,之后被转到收容成年人的济贫院。济贫院是维多利亚时期中产阶级建立的用来收养穷孩子的机构,因为人们认为穷人的身上有固有的恶习,穷人的家庭造就了这样的恶习,为了阻止这样的恶习产生,所以穷人夫妻就要分开,以阻止他们生孩子,从而减少下层社会的人。但可以这样形容当时的济贫院:济贫院给穷人提供的是慢性挨饿的机会,而在街头则是快速饿死。奥利弗和他的小伙伴们忍受着“慢性饥饿的折磨”。曾给我留下一个特别深刻印象的镜头是:一天晚上吃饭时,一个小孩子跟其他小孩子说,如果不给他多吃一碗粥,说不定会吃了谁。孩子们都很害怕,于是抓阄决定谁输了就要为那个孩子多要点吃的来。奥立弗输了,于是午饭后,其他孩子坚持奥立弗在晚饭时多要点食物。他的请求震惊了当局,结果使他们出5英镑作为酬金,要人把他从他们手上带走。因而可见,《雾都孤儿》是对维多利亚时期穷人的社会境遇的严厉批判。《雾都孤儿》的起势情节是:绝望之中的奥立弗在黎明中出逃,奔向伦敦,在伦敦城外,又饿又累的他遇到了一个与他相仿年纪的男孩—杰克,杰克让他住在自己的恩人费金的住处——实际上是一个窃贼之家,费金这个“枯瘦如柴的犹太老头”兼职为犯罪头头专门训练孤儿为他偷东西。经过几天的训练,奥立弗和其他两个小孩被派去偷东西。当奥立弗看到他们偷了一个老绅士的手绢的时候,吓得拔腿就逃,他被抓住了,但勉强地躲过了指控,没有因偷盗被定罪。布朗罗先生,就是手绢的被偷者,把发烧的奥立弗带回家中护理,让他恢复健康,原本以为黑暗的生活会远离他而去,但是费金贼帮里的两个大人赛克斯和他的情人南希把奥立弗抓住,并送回费金那里。在《雾都孤儿》中,颇具争议性问题的人物是南希。南希在道德上的复杂性在几位主要人物中是很独特的。南希自幼便是一个小偷,饮酒无度,而且是一个妓女,她所陷入的罪恶为她的社会所不齿,但当她牺牲自己的生命去保护奥立弗这个她并不是很熟悉的小孩时,她的行为又是最为高尚的。正因为南希,奥立弗被狄更斯掩藏下的真实身份才有了渐渐浮出水面的一刻。随后,费金派奥立弗去帮助赛克斯抢劫。奥立弗被那家的仆人用枪击中,赛克斯弃下受伤的奥立弗逃跑了。上天可怜善良的奥立弗,他被住在那里的梅莱太太和她漂亮的养女露西收留了。奥立弗开始了一种新生活。他常常与露西和梅莱太太外出散步,有时露西读书给他听,他也努力地学习功课。他觉得自己好像永远把罪恶,艰辛和贫困的世界抛在背后了。小说中,梅莱太太和露西所担任的母性角色使奥立弗第一次生活在正常的家庭当中,在她们母亲般的关爱下,奥立弗在乡下度过了美好的夏天。并且在梅莱一家的帮助下,布朗罗先生和奥立弗又团聚了,并消除了彼此间的误会。随后,布朗罗先生找到孟可思,追问奥立弗的真实身世,真相终于大白。原来孟可思是奥立弗同母异父的,和费金一起密谋陷害奥立弗,使之声名狼藉,并且是病态的,品行不端的坏兄弟,而且还查明了露西是奥立弗的亲生阿姨。小说的最后总结了狄更斯的道德和宗教观念:如果没有强烈的爱,没有博爱之心,如果对以慈悲为准则,以博爱一切生灵为最高标志的上帝不知感恩,那是绝对得不到幸福的,因而,有罪恶的得到了严厉的惩罚,穷凶恶及的人物到最后仍承担着罪恶,相应的,好人终究有好报,布朗罗先生收养了品性善良,道德高尚,宽容仁慈的奥立弗,他们和梅莱一家一起回乡下,从此过着幸福的生活。

买本雾都孤儿的蓝星导读,就是那种双语的小蓝本,虽然写得很浅显,但故事和人物分析挺全面的,就算你以前没读过这部小说,用它就行,省时间最大的问题就是定题,要看你的指导老师严不严了,一定把论点范围缩小再缩小,具体再具体在学校提供给你们的文献库多多下载文献资料,雾都孤儿的的文献很多,能下载到你想吐,但这样不愁没得写 还有问题可以联系我

Oliver Twist Oliver Twist, one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens’, is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century. The author who himself was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London. The hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, an orphan, who was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. He suffered enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse. While reading the tragic experiences of the little Oliver, I was shocked by his sufferings. I felt for the poor boy, but at the same time I detested the evil Fagin and the brutal Bill. To my relief, as was written in all the best stories, the goodness eventually conquered devil and Oliver lived a happy life in the end. One of the plots that attracted me most is that after the theft, little Oliver was allowed to recover in the kind care of Mrs. Maylie and Rose and began a new life. He went for walks with them, or Rose read to him, and he worked hard at his lessons. He felt as if he had left behind forever the world of crime and hardship and poverty. How can such a little boy who had already suffered oppressive affliction remain pure in body and mind? The reason is the nature of goodness. I think it is the most important information implied in the novel by Dickens-he believed that goodness could conquer every difficulty. Although I don’t think goodness is omnipotent, yet I do believe that those who are kind-hearted live more happily than those who are evil-minded. For me, the nature of goodness is one of the most necessary character for a person. Goodness is to humans what water is to fish. He who is without goodness is an utterly worthless person. On the contrary, as the famous saying goes, ‘The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose’, he who is with goodness undoubtedly is a happy and useful person. People receiving his help are grateful to him and he also gets gratified from what he has done, and thus he can do good to both the people he has helped and himself. To my disappointment, nowadays some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity. They look down on people’s honesty and kindness, thinking it foolish of people to be warm-hearted. As a result, they show no sympathy to those who are in trouble and seldom offer to help others. On the other hand, they attach importance to money and benefit. In their opinion, money is the only real object while emotions and morality are nihility. If they cannot get profit from showing their ‘kindness’, they draw back when others are faced with trouble and even hit a man when he is down. They are one of the sorts that I really detest. Francis Bacon said in his essay, ‘Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.’ That is to say a person without goodness is destined to lose everything. Therefore, I, a kind person, want to tell those ‘vermin-to-be’ to learn from the kind Oliver and regain the nature of goodness. 雾都孤儿 雾都孤儿》,其中最著名的作品的查尔斯•狄更斯的《反映,是一种新型的悲惨的现实,在18世纪的英国的生活。 作者自己出生在一个贫穷的家庭写这本书在他二十几岁时为了揭示丑陋的面具的残酷的罪犯,让恐怖和暴力隐藏在狭窄的,肮脏的街道在伦敦。 这本小说是的英雄,《雾都孤儿孤儿,谁被投进了的世界充满着贫穷和犯罪。他遭受巨大的痛苦,如饥饿、干渴、殴打和虐待。在阅读《悲惨的经历的小奥利弗,我感到震惊的是他的痛苦经历。我觉得为了可怜的男孩子,但同时我厌恶邪恶和残酷Fagin帐单。使我松了口气,写在所有最好的故事,最终征服了魔鬼,奥利佛善过上了幸福美满的生活结束。一个最吸引我的计谋是盗窃,小奥利弗被允许这种康复照顾夫人Maylie和玫瑰开始了一种新的生活。他去散步,与他们,或玫瑰念给他听,他努力学习功课。他感到他先前留下的世界永远犯罪和困难和贫穷。 怎能一个小男孩已经遭受苦难保持纯洁的压迫身体和心灵吗?原因是处于善性品德之中。我认为这是最重要的信息的小说中隐含Dickens-he相信善良能战胜一切困难。虽然我并不认为善良是无所不能的,我却相信,那些都是善良的过的更幸福的人比那些是愚昧无知。 对我来说,处于善性的品德是其中一个最必要的个性的一个人。善良是给人类就像鱼儿离不开水一样。谁是没有良善是一个完全无用的人。相反,正如著名的老话所说:“香味的手总是待在给玫瑰”一样。给你推荐一个网站,超棒!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

雾都孤儿课程论文题目

1.《红字》中海丝特 白兰不理智的一面(The Irrational Side of Hester Prynne of The Scarlet Letter)2. 《董贝父子》中的矛盾冲突(The Conflict in Donbey and Son)3. 论文化不同对联想意义及翻译的影响(On Influence of Cultural Differences on Associative Meanings and Translation)4. 美国教育的衰弱(The Drop of American Education)5. 19世纪欧洲移民对美国工业化的积极影响(The Positive Impacts of European Immigration on American Industrialization in the 19th Century。6. 朱丽叶之人物分析(Character Studies in Juliet)7. 主述理论在文学中的运用(The Application of the Thematic Theory in Literature)8. 语用学中的会话含义理论(Conversational Implicature Theory in Pragmatics)9. 英语语音简析及对提高初学者口语的指导(A Brief Analysis of English Phonetics as well as a Guide to Improve Learners’ Oral English)10. 比较两种对于哈姆雷特复仇的评论(Comparison on Two Kinds of Comments on Hamlet’s Revenge)11. 英语语言中的性别歧视 (Sexism in English Language)12. 英语的学与教 (English Learning and Teaching)13. 由美国2004年总统选举所想到的 (More than 2004 Presidential Election)14. 论腐朽世界中的纯洁品质——关于《雾都孤儿》的赏析 (The Purity in a Corrupt World—An Analysis of Oliver Twister)15. 论理智与情感之关系——对《理智与情感》的人物分析(上述论文题目皆来源于学术堂)

先不说内容,首先格式要正确,一篇完整的毕业论文,题目,摘要(中英文),目录,正文(引言,正文,结语),致谢,参考文献。学校规定的格式,字体,段落,页眉页脚,开始写之前,都得清楚的,你的论文算是写好了五分之一。然后,选题,你的题目时间宽裕,那就好好考虑,选一个你思考最成熟的,可以比较多的阅读相关的参考文献,从里面获得思路,确定一个模板性质的东西,照着来,写出自己的东西。如果时间紧急,那就随便找一个参考文献,然后用和这个参考文献相关的文献,拼出一篇,再改改。正文,语言必须是学术的语言。一定先列好提纲,这就是框定每一部分些什么,保证内容不乱,将内容放进去,写好了就。参考文献去中国知网搜索,校园网免费下载。《雾都孤儿》中人物的创造性叛逆——重塑 《雾都孤儿》中的南希形象剖析 小说《雾都孤儿》中前景化特征的文体分析 污浊社会里的纯真——《雾都孤儿》中反映出的良知

标题1:如何利用辞典学习英语 目的:找到利用辞典学习英语的方法。 内容:1、调查;2、查资料;3、写作;4、修改。 参考资料:1、国内期刊:《现代外语》、《外语教学》、《外语研究》;2、书籍;3、互联网。 标题2:英语口语练习中的语音训练 目的:探索语音训练的方法以提高英语口语。 内容:1、调查;2、查资料;3、写作;4、修改。 参考资料:1、国内主要期刊:《中小学英语教学》、《中国教育》、《外语界》、《外语教学》等;2、书籍;3、互联网。 标题3:英汉翻译中的“信”的原则 目的:了解英汉翻译练习的“信”的本质并遵循此原则。 内容:1、调查;2、查资料;3、写作;4、修改。 参考资料:1、国内期刊:《现代外语》、《外语教学》、《外语研究》;2、书籍;3、互联网。 标题4:幼儿英语教学中的智力开发 目的:探索幼儿学习英语与智力开发的关系。 内容:1、调查;2、查资料;3、写作;4、修改。 参考资料:1、国内主要期刊:《中小学英语教学》、《中国教育》;2、书籍;3、互联网。 标题5:新时代报刊阅读的特点 目的:了解新时代报刊的新特点并探讨如何更好地阅读报刊。 内容:1、调查;2、查资料;3、写作;4、修改。 参考资料:1、国内期刊:《现代外语》、《外语教学》、《外语研究》;2、书籍;3、互联网

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