与儿时梦有关论文参考文献

Where do dreams come from?想知道梦的成因吗?Most people often dream at night. When they wake in the morning they say to themselves, "What a strange dream I had! I wonder what made me dream that." Sometimes dreams are frightening.Sometimes, in dreams, wishes come true.At other times we are troubled by strange dreams in which the world seems to have been turned upside-down1and nothing makes sense.大多数人夜晚经常做梦，早上醒来便自语：“做了个好奇怪的梦！不知道怎么会梦见这个。”有时候梦令人毛骨悚然，有时候梦却使愿望成真，还有的时候怪梦会来打扰我们，梦里的世界好像乱七八糟，不知所云。In dreams we do things which we would never do when we're awake. We think and say things we would never think and say.Why are dreams so strange and unfamiliar?Where do dreams come from?在梦里我们会做一些醒着的时候绝不会做的事情，我们想的和说的也非平日所思所言。为什么梦会如此怪异和陌生？梦又是从哪儿来的呢？No one has produced a more satisfying answer than a man called Sigmund Freud.He said that dreams come from a part of one's mind which one can neither recognize nor control.He named this the "unconscious mind."迄今为止，除了一个名叫西格蒙特弗洛伊德的人，没有人能给出更令人满意的答案。据他说梦来自于人无法识别和控制的那部分意识，他称之为“潜意识”。Sigmund Freud was born about a hundred years ago. He lived most of his life in Vienna, Austria, but ended his days in London, soon after the beginning of the Second World War.西格蒙特弗洛伊德出生于大约一百年前，一生大部分时间生活在奥地利的维也纳，二战爆发后不久在伦敦终了一生。The new worlds Freud explored were inside man himself. For the unconscious mind is like a deep well, full of memories and feelings.These memories and feelings have been stored there from the moment of our birth. Our conscious mind has forgotten them. We do not suspect that they are there until some unhappy or unusual experience causes us to remember, or to dream dreams.Then suddenly we see the same thing and feel the same way we felt when we were little children.弗洛伊德探索的新世界是人自身的内心世界，因为潜意识就像一口深井，装满了各种记忆和情绪。这些记忆和情绪自我们出生之日起就已经储存在那儿了，而我们有意识的大脑却已将它们遗忘，直到某次不愉快或不寻常的经历使我们回忆或让我们做梦，我们才不怀疑它们的存在。我们会突然看见儿时见过的东西，感觉也一如从前。This discovery of Freud's is very important if we wish to understand why people act as they do. For the unconscious forces inside us are at least as powerful as the conscious forces we know about.Sometimes we do things without knowing why. If we don't, the reasons may lie deep in our unconscious minds.如果我们希望了解人的所作所为，弗洛伊德的这一发现就非常重要，因为我们内心潜意识的力量至少与我们了解的意识力量同样强大。有的时候我们做事情却不知道为什么要这么做，原因可能就在我们深层的潜意识里。When Freud was a child he cared about the sufferings of others, so it isn't surprising that he became a doctor when he grew up.He learned all about the way in which the human body works. But he became more and more curious about the human mind.He went to Paris to study with a famous French doctor, Charcot.儿时的弗洛伊德就表现出对他人疾苦的关心，所以长大之后做了医生就不足为奇了。他学习掌握了人体各部分的工作原理，但他却对人的意识越来越感兴趣。于是他去了巴黎，师从法国名医夏科特。At that time it seemed that no one knew very much about the mind.If a person went mad, or 'out of his mind', there was not much that could be done about it.People didn't understand at all what was happening to the madman. Had he been possessed by a devil or evil spirit? Was God punishing him for wrong-doing?Often such people were shut away from the ordinary people as if they had done some terrible crime.那时似乎还没有人对人的意识有太多的了解。如果一个人疯了，或“精神失常”了，基本就只能听之任之了。人们完全不知道这个疯子怎么了，是魔鬼附体呢，还是因做孽受到上帝的惩罚呢？这些人常常被关起来，同常人隔离，就像他们犯了什么大罪一样。This is still true today in many places.Doctors prefer to experiment on those parts of a man which they can see and examine. If you cut a man's head open you can see his brain. But you can't see his thoughts or ideas or dreams.In Freud's day few doctors were interested in these subjects. Freud wanted to know how our minds work.He learned a lot from Charcot.即便现在许多地方还是如此。医生们更愿意对人体看得见的器官进行检查、试验，比如你给一个人的头部开刀就可以看到大脑，但你却看不到他的思维、思想或者梦。在弗洛伊德那个时代，几乎没有医生对这些东西感兴趣，他却想知道我们的意识是如何工作的。他从夏科特那儿获益匪浅。He returned to Vienna in 1886 and began work as a doctor in nerve diseases.He got married and began to receive more and more patients at home.Most of the patients who came to see him were women. They were over-excited and anxious, sick in mind rather than in body. Medicine did not help them.Freud was full of sympathy but he could do little to make them better.1886年他回到维也纳，开始了精神病医生的职业。他成了家，在家里接待的病人越来越多。她们大多是女性，显得过于激动、焦虑，心病多于体疾，药物帮不了她们的忙。弗洛伊德对此充满同情却无法缓解她们的痛苦。Then one day a friend, Dr Josef Breuer, came to see him. He told Freud about a girl he was looking after.The girl seemed to get better when she was allowed to talk about herself.She told Dr Breuer everything that came into her mind. And each time she talked to him she remembered more about her life as a little child.有一天一个叫约瑟夫布律尔的医生朋友来看弗洛伊德，说起他正在治疗的一个女孩。当这个女孩能够畅谈自己的时候她似乎就有所好转。她把脑子里出现的所有事情都和布律尔医生谈，每次谈的时候她都会想起更多儿时的事情。