四川外语学院学报英文

论文开题报告基本要素

各部分撰写内容

论文标题应该简洁，且能让读者对论文所研究的主题一目了然。

摘要是对论文提纲的总结，通常不超过1或2页，摘要包含以下内容：

目录应该列出所有带有页码的标题和副标题， 副标题应缩进。

这部分应该从宏观的角度来解释研究背景，缩小研究问题的范围，适当列出相关的参考文献。

这一部分不只是你已经阅读过的相关文献的总结摘要，而是必须对其进行批判性评论，并能够将这些文献与你提出的研究联系起来。

这部分应该告诉读者你想在研究中发现什么。在这部分明确地陈述你的研究问题和假设。在大多数情况下，主要研究问题应该足够广泛，而次要研究问题和假设则更具体，每个问题都应该侧重于研究的某个方面。

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一篇优秀的英语论文离不开开题报告的撰写。那么，如何写好开题报告成为同学们非常苦恼的问题。下面是学术堂分享的英文论文开题报告的写作技巧：1、开题报告的一般内容课题来源、开题依据和背景情况，课题研究目的以及理论意义和实际应用价值。文献综述。在阅读规定文献量(不少于50篇，其中外文文献占40%以上)的基础上，着重阐述该研究课题国内外的研究现状及发展动态，同时介绍查阅文献的范围以及查阅方式、手段。主要研究内容。包括学术构思、研究方法、关键技术、技术路线、实施方案、可行性分析、研究中可能遇到的难点、解决的方法和措施以及预期目标。拟采用的实验手段，所需科研和实验条件，估计课题工作量和所需经费，研究工作进度计划。主要参考文献，列出至少10篇所查阅参考的文献。2、写好开题报告的技巧提出问题注意“层次”在提出问题时，要以“内行”看得懂的术语和明确的逻辑来表述。选题来源包括：与自己实际工作或科研工作相关的、较为熟悉的问题;自己从事的专业。问题发展迅速，需要综合评价;反映本学科的新理论、新技术或新动向的题目。所选题目不宜过大，越具体越容易收集资料，从某一个侧面入手，容易深入。瞄准主流文献，随时整理文献资料是撰写好学术论文的基础。选择文献时应选择本学科的核心期刊、经典著作等，要注意所选文献的代表性、可靠性及科学性;选择文献应先看近期的(近3～5年)，后看远期的，广泛阅读资料，有必要时还应找到有关文献所引用的原文阅读，在阅读时，注意做好读书卡片或读书笔记。整理资料时，要注意按照问题来组织文献资料，写文献综述时不是将看过的资料都罗列和陈述出来，而是要按照一定的思路将其提炼出来。只有这样，才能写出好的文献综述，也才能写出好的开题报告，进而为写出好的论文打下基础。3、研究目标具体而不死板一般开题报告都要求明确学位论文的研究目标，但笔者认为，研究目标不宜规定得太死板，这是因为，即使条件一定，目标是偏高还是偏低，往往难于准确判断，研究工作本身，涉及求知因素，各个实验室条件不同，具体研究时条件也不同。学位论文选题和研究目标体现了研究工作的价值特征。

开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。课题名称An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异课题来源Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor一、课题背景及意义 （课题的立题依据及研究意义）Research Background:A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture.When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life.Research Significance:As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 （课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向）Research Status:Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..Research Tendency:21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality.三、研究内容及研究目标 （对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标）Research Contents:A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms1.1 Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified1.2 Black Is Associated With Profit1.3 Black Is Associated With the Black People2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms2.1 Black Is Associated With the Death2.2 Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate2.3 Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful2.4 Black Is Associated With AngerB. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms1.1 White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky1.2 White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms2.1 White Is Associated With Death and Poor2.2 White Is Associated With Worthless and TimidC. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms1.1 Red Is Associated With Honor and Love2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms2.1 Red is Associated with the Obscenity2.2 Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism.2.3 Red Is Associated With Danger and LossD. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms1．Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms1.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Noble1.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms2.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative2.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and DiseaseResearch Objectives:I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture.四、预计的研究难点 （课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点）With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related.五、创新点 （选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点）The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords.六、进度计划 （根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排）1. Nov.16th — Nov.22nd , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing2. Nov.23rd — Dec.20th , 2008 Data gathering3. Dec.21st — Jan.10th , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline4. Jan.11th — Feb.8th, 2009 Literature review5. Feb.9th — Mar.14th, 2009 First draft6. Mar.15th — Apr.10th, 2009 Second draft7. Apr.11th — Apr.20th, 2009 Final version8. Apr.27th — May 14th, 2009 Printing9. May 17th — May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate七、资料来源 （指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料）[1] Baugh, A.C. & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[2] Eckersley, C.E. Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979.[3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985.[4] Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974.[5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. U.S.A.: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997.[6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. U.S.A.: Edward Arnold, 1989.[7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981.[8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.[9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007.[11] 陈永烨．“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J]．《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7)．[12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海：上海外语出版社,2002.[13] 邓炎昌，刘润清．《语言与文化》[M]．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1991．[14] 蒋栋元．“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]． 《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3)．[15] 唐振华．“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J]．《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2).指导教师意见：（对课题的认可意见）指导教师年 月 日系（教研室）审查意见：系（教研室）主任：年 月 日