产品召回制度毕业论文

毕业论文最好糊弄了,关键词一定自己查找写出,前两句自己翻,最后句自己翻.就可以了.中间拿个翻译机器一翻,但如果要答辩的话,就需要自己背点实在的东西了,反正很简单的.

缺陷产品召回制度是指在产品存在缺陷有危害消费者安全与健康的危险场合，如果经营者自行或经他人通知发现这一情况，经营者(包括产品的制造者)应主动将此具有危险的商品回收，以免使消费者实际权益遭受实际损害；如果经营者发现该危险，但却不加以处理，此时，为保护消费者权益，并维护消费者人身或财产安全，相关主管机关可强制经营者回收商品的制度。此制度对于保护消费者的人身安全具有重要的意义，体现了现代法治“以人为本”的精神。其具有： 第一，预防性。缺陷产品的召回并不需要以产品已经产生实际损害为前提，只要生产者者发现其生产的产品存在或者可能存在危及消费者的人身安全和生命健康的危险时，即应当主动召回其已投入市场的缺陷产品。传统的民事权利救济方式主要为违约责任救济和侵权责任救济，这两种救济方式的应用通常建立在已经确定的损害后果上，当事人主张救济时，损害通常已经现实的发生，与此不同的是产品召回并不以损害为前提，只要存在危及人身安全和生命健康的危险时，生产者就有义务召回其生产的产品。因此，预防性是缺陷产品召回制度的一项主要特征之一。 第二，公益性。缺陷产品召回制度起源于美国的汽车业，从这项制度起源之时起，就赋予其维护社会公共利益的使命。二十世纪六十年代的美国，每年都有数万人死于交通事故，一百多万人受伤，缺陷汽车对消费者的人身安全和生命健康产生巨大的危害，1966年，美国出台了《国家交通与机动车安全法》，从而奠定了产品召回制度的法律基础，随后美国汽车业开始实施召回制度并取得良好的社会经济效果。缺陷产品召回制度有利于保护消费者的合法权益，维护社会经济秩序，促进市场公平竞争，同时也有助于企业改善其商业信誉和商品声誉。缺陷产品召回制度着眼于整个社会的公共利益和长远利益，从整体上约束企业的行为，体现了经济法以社会整体利益为为本的思想。生产者召回缺陷产品，有利于保护社会不特定公众的利益，维护社会安全。 第三，主动性。缺陷产品召回主要依靠企业自主召回，是缺陷产品召回的常态。只有在企业的产品存在严重危及消费者人身、财产安全的缺陷企业仍不主动召回时，才由主管机关责令召回，而这是缺陷产品召回的非常态措施。并且现代科技的发展，使产品缺陷的发现变得越来越困难，如果要消费者和政府主管机关从外部来发现企业产品的缺陷，未免困难，效果也不好，只有生产者对其产品的性能、质量状况最了解，也最容易发现其产品的缺陷，因此，主要由企业主动负责其缺陷产品的召回具有实体正当的合理性也具有程序上的方便性。 第四，综合性。一是指公法与私法因素的综合。“从召回制度适用的法律关系、保护的对象、启动的方式等方面来看，该制度兼具私法与公法的双重特性” ，产品召回制度反映了私法公法化得趋势，国家公权力为了维护社会公共利益而介入私法关系的范畴，在生产者不主动召回其生产的缺陷产品时，国家产品质量监督管理部门可以责令企业召回其产品。产品召回制度作为一种现代新兴的法律制度，其具有新兴法律所普遍具有的私法公法化、公法私法化得趋势。

仅作参考China's auto recall legal analysis At present China has initially established a system to recall defective products and are gradually expanding the scope of the recall system, through the advanced foreign experience to analyze our system in the building of the theory and practice of issues on China's economic development, social security and government Reform of great significance. This paper is divided into five chapters to the relevant issues discussed: the first chapter outline of the system for defective products in China's major significance, at home and abroad in an overview of product recalls. The second chapter describes the status of the developed countries product recalls and other industries in China the status of product recalls. The article described in the developed countries to recall the legislation and various countries in the recall on the characteristics of other industries in China's problems in the recall. Chapter III is in China to recall defective cars on the issue. The article described the current China's auto industry recall in the recall and the status quo in the existing problems, wrote a focus on China's own brand of motor vehicles recalled, and recalled from the accounting treatment and recalls related to the issue of China's automobile insurance Recalled. Chapter IV is China's major product recall system of law analysis, in this chapter is mainly on the legal aspects of the recall system for defective products in China, focuses on the issue of attribution. Chapter V of the main speakers on China's automotive products recalled the recommendations of this chapter mainly from the product recall system and our existing product liability legal system of coordination in the recall system for defective products on the basis of legislation, legislative style and basic principles, and From the specific systems on the level of recall target, the main obligations, the principle of attribution, authorities and responsibilities, procedures, time and specific measures to deal with aspects of arrangements. Finally, this paper's conclusion, that the major part of China's automotive product recall defective products improve the system mainly relies on in-depth study of theory, the administrative functions of the main social reform and the strengthening of legal awareness and other factors. In writing by the extensive process of gathering information and comprehensive analysis and summary information, to enable the analysis of the issues on a more rational basis, with a view to China's auto recall system for defective theoretical and practical problems in study帮助. Key words: automotive product defects; recall system for foreign recall; recall; recall proposal