有关于肾上腺素的医学论文

血管肾上腺素主要作用于小动脉及毛细血管前括约肌，因为这些小血管壁的肾上腺素受体密度高；而静脉和大动脉的肾上腺素受体密度低，故作用较弱。此外，体内各部位血管的肾上腺素受体的种类和密度各不相同，所以肾上腺素对各部位血管的效应也不一致，以皮肤粘膜血管收缩为最强烈；内脏血管，尤其是肾血管，也显著收缩；对脑和肺血管收缩作用十分微弱，有时由于血压升高而被动地舒张；骨骼肌血管的β2受体占优势，故呈舒张作用；也能舒张冠状血管.

Substance for vasoconstriction which influences local anesthesiaClass A, 09 Grade, Guiynang Medial Hospital (贵阳550002）Huquan Mao Liying Meng Guya YangLluqian Tan Yuhui Yang Song Qucheng Li LingLuo Heyuyang Han Yan （Briefing) Purpose: By doing experiments we have observed and discussed whether vasoconstrictor or vasodilator had ever influenced the working time of local anesthesia . The Methods:------ The way we used is to randomly number and group the grown-up white mice—Kunming mice who were able to have normal pain reflex. .Right after we separately gave these white mice (marked with group number) caudal vein injections with corresponding concentrational saline water, epinephrine, norepinephrine,and phentolamine, we gave the buttocks subcutaneous injection with procaine, then we observed and recorded the time of the pain reflex which had vanished ,and noted the time they recovered.,. Therefore we compared the effects of all above the medicines for lengthening the anesthesia time of procaine or shortening the anesthesia procaine The result of the comparation between epinephrine, norepinephrine,and and phentolamine with saline water group about lengthening or shortening anesthesia time for procaine is different like this, to lengthen, to lengthen, and to shorten, and the effect of epinephrine was stronger than that of norepinephrine. Summing Up: epinephrine norepinephrine and other vasoconstrictor and vasodilator like phentolamine affect the anesthesia time of procaine. (Key words) epinephrine, norepinephrine, phentolamine, procaine.

【摘要】 目的：通过实验观察探讨收缩或舒张血管药物对局麻药作用时间有无影响。 方法：对具有正常痛觉反射的昆明种成年实验小白鼠随机分组编号，对相应组号小白鼠分别尾静脉注射相应浓度的生理盐水、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、酚妥拉明后，立即臀部皮下注射普鲁卡因，观察记录小白鼠疼痛反射消失及恢复的时间，比较各药物对普鲁卡因麻醉时间的延长与缩短作用。 结果：肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、酚妥拉明对普鲁卡因麻醉时间的作用与给生理盐水组比较，分别是延长、延长、缩短，并且肾上腺素作用比去甲肾上腺素强。 结论：肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素等缩血管药和扩血管药酚妥拉明对普鲁

肾上腺素肾上腺素旧称“副肾上腺素”，一般作用是使心脏收缩力上升；心脏、肝、和筋骨的血管扩张和皮肤、粘膜的血管缩小。在药物上，肾上腺素在心脏停止时用来刺激心脏，或是哮喘时扩张气管。肾上腺素能使心肌收缩力加强、兴奋性增高，传导加速，心输出量增多。对全身各部分血管的作用，不仅有作用强弱的不同，而且还有收缩或舒张的不同。对皮肤、粘膜和内脏（如肾脏）的血管呈现收缩作用；对冠状动脉和骨骼肌血管呈现扩张作用等。由于它能直接作用于冠状血管引起血管扩张，改善心脏供血，因此是一种作用快而强的强心药。肾上腺素还可松弛支气管平滑肌及解除支气管平滑肌痉挛。利用其兴奋心脏收缩血管及松弛支气管平滑肌等作用，可以缓解心跳微弱、血压下降、呼吸困难等症状。对血管作用：小剂量肾上腺素对血管呈双相反应，首先兴奋α受体，使血管收缩，而后呈现持久的β受体兴奋作用，引起血管扩张，血管总外周阻力降低。大剂量时，肾上腺素以对α受体作用为主，血管总外周阻力升高，且可使静脉收缩，回心血量增加。3、对血流动力学影响：小剂量的肾上腺素使心肌收缩力增强，心率加快，总外周血管阻力下降，心输出量增加，动脉收缩压升高，舒张压可轻度下降或不变，平均血压轻度升高。大剂量的肾上腺素使全身血管收缩，医学教育|网收集整理总外周阻力增加，心肌收缩力增加，动脉收缩压及舒张压均增高。此时应用α受体阻断剂如酚妥拉明可以纠正其升压反应，使血压下降。